Question

If the vinegar buret tip were not filled with solution before its initial reading was taken, would the calculated normality of the acid be too high, too low, or unaffected? why?

Answer 1

The normality that would be calculated will be to high because the change in volume will be greater than the actual change in volume. if the buret tip is not filled when reading the initial volume, the actual volume should be lesser with that reading. so if you will you the higher reading the change in volume or the volume you use in titration will be higher than the actual