Answer:
Explanation:
For ligation process the 1:3 vector to insert ratio is the good to utilize . By considering that we can take 1 ratio of vector and 3 ratio of insert ( consider different insert size ) and take 10 different vials of ligation ( each calculated using different insert size from low to high ) and plot a graph for transformation efficiency and using optimum transformation efficiency we can find out the insert size.
Measure the longest circuit and add 50% for fittings and terminal units.
Answer:
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Answer:


Explanation:
= Area of section 1 = 
= Velocity of water at section 1 = 100 ft/min
= Specific volume at section 1 = 
= Density of fluid = 
= Area of section 2 = 
Mass flow rate is given by

The mass flow rate through the pipe is 
As the mass flowing through the pipe is conserved we know that the mass flow rate at section 2 will be the same as section 1

The speed at section 2 is
.
Answer:

Explanation:
In electrical terms, is the ratio of time in which a load or circuit is ON compared to the time in which the load or circuit is OFF.
The duty cycle or power cycle, is expressed as a percentage of the activation time. For example, a 70% duty cycle is a signal that 70% of the time is activated and the other 30% disabled. Its equation can be expressed as:

Where:



Here is a picture that will help you understand these concepts.