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3 years ago

How is p-n-p transistor biased to operate in the active mode

Physics

1 answer:

STALIN [3.7K]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Shown from explanation.henc2 we

Explanation:

For the transistor to work in the active mode meaning for it to conduct normally, the p- side has to the connected to the positive side of the battery and the n- side the negative terminal of the battery.

Hence we have two batteries such that both ends are connected to the positive terminal and the negative side connected to the middle the n- side of the transistor.

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An aluminum calorimeter with a mass of 100 g contains 250 g of water. The calorimeter and water are in thermal equilibrium at 10

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Answer:

a) $c=1822.3214\ J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1}$

b) This value of specific heat is close to the specific heat of ice at -40° C and the specific heat of peat (a variety of coal).

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Explanation:

Given:

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mass of water, $m_w=0.25\ kg$

initial temperature of the system, $T_i=10^{\circ}C$

mass of copper block, $m_c=0.1\ kg$

temperature of copper block, $T_c=50^{\circ}C$

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final equilibrium temperature, $T_f=20^{\circ}C$

We have,

specific heat of aluminium, $c_a=910\ J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1}$

specific heat of copper, $c_c=390\ J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1}$

specific heat of water, $c_w=4186\ J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1}$

Using the heat energy conservation equation.

The heat absorbed by the system of the calorie-meter to reach the final temperature.

$Q_{in}=m_a.c_a.(T_f-T_i)+m_w.c_w.(T_f-T_i)$

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$Q_{in}=11375\ J$

The heat released by the blocks when dipped into water:

$Q_{out}=m_c.c_c.(T_c-T_f)+m.c.(T-T_f)$

where

$c=$ specific heat of the unknown material

For the conservation of energy : $Q_{in}=Q_{out}$

so,

$11375=0.1\times 390\times (50-20)+0.07\times c\times (100-20)$

$c=1822.3214\ J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1}$

This value of specific heat is close to the specific heat of ice at -40° C and the specific heat of peat (a variety of coal).

The material is peat, possibly.

The material cannot be ice because ice doesn't exists at a temperature of 100°C.

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3 years ago

How is p-n-p transistor biased to operate in the active mode​

How is p-n-p transistor biased to operate in the active mode