Ionization Trend: First ionization energy will increase left to right across a period and increase bottom to top of a family (column).
A) Sr, Be, Mg are all in column 2 of the periodic table. Based on the first ionization rule above, from increasing to decreasing energy, the order is: Be, Mg, Sr
B) Bi, Cs, Ba are all in the same row of the periodic table. Based on the first ionization rule above, from increasing to decreasing energy, the order is: Bi, Ba, Cs
C) Same rule as above. Order is: Na, Al, S
The incoming and outgoing energy at the Earth’s surface must balance. Or in other words, the flow of energy into the atmosphere must be balanced by an equal flow of energy out of the atmosphere and back to space.<span>
Earth's Energy balance describes how the incoming energy from the sun is used and returned to space. All </span>of the energy entering earth’s atmosphere comes from the sun. Half of it is absorbed by the earth’s surface i.e. the land and oceans, 30% is directly reflected back to space by clouds and 20% is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds.<span>Earth's </span>actual<span> average global temperature is around 14° C (57 F).</span>
In 1905 Albert Einstein had proposed a solution to the problem of observations made on the behaviour of light having characteristics of both wave and particle theory. From work of Plank on emission of light from hot bodies, Einstein suggested that light is composed of tiny particles called <span>photons, </span>and each photon has energy.
Light theory branches in to the physics of <span>quantum mechanics, </span>which was conceptualised in the twentieth century. Quantum mechanics deals with behaviour of nature on the atomic scale or smaller.
As a result of quantum mechanics, this gave the proof of the dual nature of light and therefore not a contradiction.
C=10⁻⁶ mol/L
pH=14-pOH
pOH=-lg[OH⁻]
pH=14+lg10⁻⁶=14-6=8
B. pH = 8