Litmus paper is made from water-soluble dyes which are extracted from lichens. This paper is used as an acid-base indicator. Whi
2 answers:
Answer: B) vinegar
Explanation: Acids are those substances which when dissolved in water give ions. They turn blue litmus red.
Bases are those substances which when dissolved in water give ions. They turn red litmus blue.
Ammonia is a base which when dissolved in water forms ammonium hydroxide and gives ions and turns red litmus blue.
Vinegar is acetic acid and thus gives ions and turn blue litmus red.
Baking soda is a basic salt which turns red litmus blue.
Distilled water is neutral which shows no color change with red or blue litmus.
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When light moves from a medium with higher refractive index to a medium with lower refractive index, the critical angle is the angle above which there is no refracted ray, and it is given by:
(2)
where
is the refractive index of the second medium and 
is the refractive index of the first medium.
We can find the ratio
by using Snell's law:
(1)
where
is the angle of incidence
is the angle of refraction
By using the data of the problem and re-arranging (1), we find
and if we use eq.(2) we can now find the value of the critical angle:
where
We can find the ratio
where
By using the data of the problem and re-arranging (1), we find
and if we use eq.(2) we can now find the value of the critical angle: