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Evgen [1.6K]
3 years ago
11

An ideal gas undergoes isothermal compression from an initial volume of 5.39 m3 to a final volume of 2.84 m3. There is 9.75 mol

of the gas, and its temperature is 27.2°C. (a) How much work is done by the gas? (b) How much energy is transferred as heat between the gas and its environment?
Physics
1 answer:
Anika [276]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

a) Work done by gas = -15.584 KJ

b) Energy transferred = 15.584 KJ

Explanation:

Given:

Initial volume of the gas, V₁ = 5.39 m³

Final volume, V₂ = 2.84 m³

Temperature, T = 27.2°C = 273+27.2 = 300.2K

Number of moles, n = 9.75 mol

a) Work done for the given isothermal process is

W=nRTln(\frac{V_2}{V_1})

where, R is the ideal gas constant = 8.31 J/mol.K

substituting the values we get,

W=9.75\times 8.31\times 300.2ln(\frac{2.84}{5.39})

or

W=-15584.72 J = -15.584 KJ

b) From the first law of thermodynamics

change in internal energy = Heat added - Work done

or, \Delta Q = \Delta U - W

Now for the isothermal process, ΔU = 0

thus,

\Delta Q = - W

or

\Delta Q = - (-15.584 KJ) = 15.584 KJ

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If the car has a mass of 0.4 kg, the ratio of height to width of the ramp is 19/85, the initial displacement is 1.9 m, and the c
Rasek [7]

Answer:

final displacement lf  = 0.39 m

Explanation:

from change in momentum equation:

\delta p = m \sqrt(2g * y/x)* [\sqrt li + \sqrt lf]

given: m = 0.4kg, y/x = 19/85, li = 1.9 m,

\delta p = 1.27 kg*m/s.

putting all value to get the final displacement value

1.27 = 0.4\sqrt(2*9.81 *(19/85))* [\sqrt 1.9 + \sqrt lf]

final displacement lf  = 0.39 m

5 0
3 years ago
Suppose that 4.4 moles of a monatomic ideal gas (atomic mass = 7.9 × 10-27 kg) are heated from 300 K to 500 K at a constant volu
timurjin [86]

Answer:

1) ΔQ₁ = 10.97 x 10³ J = 10.97 KJ

2) W₁ = 0 J

3) P = 41.66 x 10³ Pa = 41.66 KPa

4) v = 1618.72 m/s

5) ΔQ₂ = - 18.29 x 10³ J = - 18.29 KJ

6) W₂ = - 7.33 KJ

Explanation:

1)

The heat transfer for a constant volume process is given by the formula:

ΔQ₁ = ΔU = n Cv ΔT

where,

ΔQ₁ = Heat transfer during constant volume process

ΔU = Change in internal energy of gas

n = No. of moles = 4.4 mol

Cv = Molar Specific Heat at Constant Volume = 12.47 J/mol.k

ΔT = Change in Temperature = T₂ - T₁ = 500 k - 300 k = 200 k

Therefore,

ΔQ₁ = (4.4 mol)(12.47 J/mol.k)(200 k)

<u>ΔQ₁ = 10.97 x 10³ J = 10.97 KJ</u>

<u></u>

2)

Since, work done by gas is given as:

W₁ = PΔV

where,

ΔV = 0, due to constant volume

Therefore,

<u>W₁ = 0 J</u>

<u></u>

4)

The average kinetic energy of a gas molecule is given as:

K.E = (3/2)KT

but, K.E is also given by:

K.E = (1/2)mv²

Comparing both equations:

(1/2)mv² = (3/2)KT

mv² = 3KT

v = √(3KT/m)

where,

v = average speed of gas molecue = ?

K = Boltzman Constant = 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/k

T = Absolute Temperature = 500 K

m = mass of a molecule = 7.9 x 10⁻²⁷ kg

Therefore,

v = √[(3)(1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/k)(500 k)/(7.9 x 10⁻²⁷ kg)]

<u>v = 1618.72 m/s</u>

<u></u>

3)

From kinetic molecular theory, we know that or an ideal gas:

P = (1/3)ρv²

where,

P = pressure of gas = ?

m = Mass of Gas = (Atomic Mass)(No. of Atoms)

m = (Atomic Mass)(Avogadro's Number)(No. of Moles)

m = (7.9 x 10⁻²⁷ kg/atom)(6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol)(4.4 mol)

m = 0.021 kg

ρ = density = mass/volume = 0.021 kg/0.44 m³ = 0.0477 kg/m³

Therefore,

P = (1/3)(0.0477 kg/m³)(1618.72 m/s)²

<u>P = 41.66 x 10³ Pa = 41.66 KPa</u>

<u></u>

5)

The heat transfer for a constant pressure process is given by the formula:

ΔQ₂ =  n Cp ΔT

where,

ΔQ₂ = Heat transfer during constant pressure process

n = No. of moles = 4.4 mol

Cp = Molar Specific Heat at Constant Pressure = 20.79 J/mol.k

ΔT = Change in Temperature = T₂ - T₁ = 300 k - 500 k = -200 k

Therefore,

ΔQ₂ = (4.4 mol)(20.79 J/mol.k)(-200 k)

<u>ΔQ₂ = - 18.29 x 10³ J = - 18.29 KJ</u>

<u>Negative sign shows heat flows from system to surrounding.</u>

<u></u>

6)

From Charles' Law, we know that:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₂ = (V₁)(T₂)/(T₁)

where,

V₁ = 0.44 m³

V₂ = ?

T₁ = 500 K

T₂ = 300 k

Therefore,

V₂ = (0.44 m³)(300 k)/(500 k)

V₂ = 0.264 m³

Therefore,

ΔV = V₂ - V₁ = 0.264 m³ - 0.44 m³ = - 0.176 m³

Hence, the work done , will be:

W₂ = PΔV = (41.66 KPa)(- 0.176 m³)

<u>W₂ = - 7.33 KJ</u>

<u>Negative sign shows that the work is done by the gas</u>

4 0
3 years ago
Two point charges, 3.4 μC and -2.0 μC , are placed 5.0 cm apart on the x axis. Assume that the negative charge is at the origin,
Elza [17]

The electric field is zero at x = -16.45cm

Data;

  • q1 = 3.4 μC
  • q2 = -2.0 μC
  • distance = 5cm

<h3>The Electric Field at point 0</h3>

As the 3μC is larger than -2.0μC  and the charges are opposite sign. The electric field will be zero at the negative axis.

Let the point be at x.

For an electric field to be equal to zero;

k(\frac{q_1}{d_1})^2 + k(\frac{q_2}{d_2})^2 = 0\\\frac{3.4}{(5-x)^2} - \frac{2}{x^2} = 0\\

Let's solve for x using mathematical methods.

\frac{3.4x^2 - 2(5-x)^2}{(5-x)^2x^2}= 0\\ 3.4x^2 - 2(5-x^2) = 0\\3.4x^2 - 50 - 2x^2 + 20x = 0\\1.4x^2 +20x - 50 = 0

Solving the above quadratic equation;

x = -16.45cm

The electric field is zero at x = -16.45cm

Learn more on electric field at a point here;

brainly.com/question/1592046

brainly.com/question/14372859

8 0
3 years ago
The diagram shows a position-time graph.
Vaselesa [24]

'Displacement' means the distance and direction from the start-point to the end-point, regardless of what happened along the way.

This object started out at 1 meter and ended up at zero meter.

The change it racked up from start to finish is 1 meter, and the direction is backwards.

The displacement is 1 meter backwards, or -1 meter .

9 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Molybdenum has the BCC crystal structure, has a density of 10.22 g cm-3 and an atomic mass of 95.94 g mol-1. What is the atomic
puteri [66]

Answer:

atomic concentration = 2 atoms/unit cell

lattice parameter: a= 3.22 x 10⁻¹⁰ m

atomic radius: r= 1.39 x 10⁻¹⁰m

Explanation:

The atomic concentration is the number of atoms that can fit into a unit cell. It is a known number for each unit cell crystal structure. For a BCC (body-centered cube) crystal structure, atomic concentration is 2 atoms/unit cell because there are a 1/8 part of an atom in each corner of the cube (1/8 x 8= 1 atom) and 1 central atom in the central position of the cube ⇒ n= 1 atom + 1 atom= 2 atoms/unit cell

In order to calculate the lattice parameter a, we introduce the atomic mass 95.94 g/mol and the density 10.22 g/cm³ in the expression for the volume of the cube:

Vc= a³= \frac{(95.94 g/mol) x (2 atoms/unit cell)}{(10.2 g/cm^{3}) x (6.023 x 10^{23} atoms/mol)  }

a³= 3.12 x 10⁻²³ m³

⇒ a = ∛(3.12 x 10⁻²³ m³) = 3.22 x 10⁻¹⁰m

Once we know the lattice parameter a, we can calculate the atomic radius r by using the expression of a for a BCC structure:

a= \frac{4r}{\sqrt{3}}

⇒ r= a x √3/4= (3.22 x 10⁻¹⁰ m) x √3/4 = 1.39 x 10⁻¹⁰ m

5 0
3 years ago
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