Explanation:
10
/9 Ω
potential difference across the cell in open circuit is the emf of the cell.
Hence, emf E=2.2V
when, circuit is closed, potential difference across cell is given by V=E−Ir
And,
I= E/
R+r
Hence, V= E− Er/
R+r
⟹ V= ER/
R+r
⟹ 1.8= 2.2×5
/5+r
⟹9+1.8r=11
⟹ r= 2/ 1.8 Ω
⟹ r= 10/9 Ω
Helium, Neon, and Xenon are all part of the same column on the Periodic Table. Such a column is referred to as a Group, because they have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost shell. Hope this helps!
Answer: the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m
Explanation:
Given that;
mass of vehicle m = 1000 kg
for a low speed test; V = 2.5 m/s
bumper maximum deflection = 4 cm = 0.04 m
First we determine the energy of the vehicle just prior to impact;
W_v = 1/2mv²
we substitute
W_v = 1/2 × 1000 × (2.5)²
W_v = 3125 J
now, the the effective design stiffness k will be:
at the impact point, energy of the vehicle converts to elastic potential energy of the bumper;
hence;
W_v = 1/2kx²
we substitute
3125 = 1/2 × k (0.04)²
3125 = 0.0008k
k = 3125 / 0.0008
k = 3906250 N/m
Therefore, the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m
