Answer:
The Bauschinger effect is the directionally determined change in the elasticity limit of a metal or alloy after primary plastic deformation. If you first deform a metal in one direction so that it is plastically deformed and then deform it in the opposite direction, the elastic limit in the opposite direction is lower.
From the point of view of the dislocation mechanism of plastic deformation, the Bauschinger effect indicates that during repeated deformation, it is easier for dislocations blocked in front of obstacles to move in the direction opposite to their movement during preliminary plastic deformation.
Answer:
a diameter of D₂ = 0.183 inches would be required
Explanation:
appyling pascal's law
P applied to the hydraulic jack = P required to lift the rock
F₁*A₁ = F₂*A₂
since A₁= π*D₁²/4 , A₂= π*D₂²/4
F₁*π*D₁²/4 = F₂* π*D₂²/4
F₁*D₁²=F₂*D₂²
D₂ = D₁ *√(F₁/F₂)
replacing values
D₂ = D₁ *√(F₁/F₂) = 6 in * √(120 lbf/(4000 lbm * 32.174 (lbf/lbm)) = 0.183 inches
Answer:
1) q=18414.93 W
2) C=12920$
Explanation:
Given data:
pipe length L=25m
pipe diameter D=100mm =0.1 m
air temperature 
=
=25
°C.....= 298.15k
pipe surface temp 
=150
°C.....=423.15k
surface emissivity e= 0.8
boiler efficiency η=0.90
natural gas price Cg=$0.02 per MJ
1) Total heat loss and radiation heat loss combined
q=
q=
б(^4-^4)]....... (1)
б=5.67×10^-8 W/m^2K^4 (boltzmann constant)
area A =L.Dπ=25×0.1π=7.85 m^2
putting all these values in eq (1)
q=18414.93 W
2) suppose boiler is operating non stop annual energy loss will be
E=q.t
=18414.93.3600.24.365
=5.81×10^11 J
to find furnace energy consumption
Ef =E/η
=6.46×10^5 MJ
annual cost
C=Cg. Ef
=12920$
Answer:
The main sections included in the bill of quantities are Form of Tender, Information, Requirements, Pricing schedule, Provisional sums, and Day works.
