Answer :
- Carbonyl group : It is a functional group composed of a carbon atom that double bonded to oxygen atom. It is represented as
Carboxylic group : It is the class of organic compound in which the carboxylic (-COOH) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as carboxylic.
The general formula of carboxylic is, 
. According to the IUPAC naming, the carboxylic are named as alkanoic acids.
Aldehyde group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-CHO) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as aldehyde.
The general representation of aldehyde is, 
. According to the IUPAC naming, the aldehyde are named as alkanals.
Ketone group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-CO) group is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon is known as ketone.
The general representation of ketone is, 
. According to the IUPAC naming, the ketone are named as alkanone.
Ester group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-COO) group is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon is known as ester.
The general representation of ester is, 
. According to the IUPAC naming, the ester are named as alkyl alkanoate.
Step one: Identify reactants and products and place them in a word equation.
Step two: Convert the chemical names into chemical formulas. Place them based on the chemical equation and write the state symbols.
Step three: balance the chemical equation.
Answer:
I didn't do the observation so I can't help sorry
Autoionization Reactions are those reactions in which ions or molecules ionizes spontaneously without adding any external reagent.
For Example,
Autoionization of water.
H₂O + H₂O ⇆ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻
Autoionization reaction of Methanol is shown below,
Answer:
Close to the calculated endpoint of a titration - <u>Partially open</u>
At the beginning of a titration - <u>Completely open</u>
Filling the buret with titrant - <u>Completely closed</u>
Conditioning the buret with the titrant - <u>Completely closed</u>
Explanation:
'Titration' is depicted as the process under which the concentration of some substances in a solution is determined by adding measured amounts of some other substance until a rection is displayed to be complete.
As per the question, the stopcock would remain completely open when the process of titration starts. After the buret is successfully placed, the titrant is carefully put through the buret in the stopcock which is entirely closed. Thereafter, when the titrant and the buret are conditioned, the stopcock must remain closed for correct results. Then, when the process is near the estimated end-point and the solution begins to turn its color, the stopcock would be slightly open before the reading of the endpoint for adding the drops of titrant for final observation.
