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schepotkina [342]
3 years ago
5

Classify each cation as a weak acid or pH neutral (neither acidic nor basic).

Chemistry
1 answer:
Alexeev081 [22]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

a. Na+ is pH neutral

b. Ni2+ = weak acid

c. NH4+ = Weak acid

Explanation:

To know the nature of the cation we need to find the nature of its conjugate base.

If the conjugate base of the ion is a strong base, the ion is neutral.

If the conjugate base is a weak base, the ion is a weak acid:

a. Conjugate base Na+ = NaOH

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base:

Na+ is pH neutral

b. Conjugate base Ni²⁺: Ni(OH)2 is a weak base because is not completely soluble in water. That means:

Ni2+ = weak acid

c. Conjugate base NH4+: NH4OH. Weak base:

NH4+ = Weak acid

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A carbon forms one bond to an X atom plus three more bonds to three hydrogen atoms. If the hybridization to X has 81% p-characte
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Answer:

110 degree

Explanation:

This is because Hybridization of an s orbital with all three p orbitals (px , py, and pz) results in four sp3 hybrid orbitals. sp3 hybrid orbitals are oriented at bond angle of 109.5 degrees from each other. This 109.5 degrees gives an arrangement of tetrahedral geometry

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8 0
3 years ago
Substance A has the following properties.
givi [52]

A curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process.

The sample is heated up to 100.°C, therefore, the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point, the heat and time required to boil the sample, and the heat and time required to heat the sample from its boiling point to 100.°C are needs to be calculated.

i ) Calculating the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point:

Boiling point = 85°C

C(liquid) = 2.5 J/g °C

The heat required up to melting the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from -20°C to 85°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 85°C  and T i = - 20°C

Plug in the values in the specific heat formula to calculate the heat energy required to heat the sample to its melting point,

q3 = 25 g ×  2.5 J/g °C × [85 - (-20)]°C

     = 25 J/°C ×[85+20]°C

     = 6562.5 J

The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to boiling point is:-

q1 + q2 + q3 = 500 J + 4500 J + 6562.5 J

                    = 11562.5 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J/min

450. J = 1 min

   11562.5 J = ? min

11562.5 J × 1min/450 J = 25.69 min

ii) Calculating the heat and time required to boil the sample:

∆H Vap = 500 J/g

The boiling is the phase change from liquid to gas at 85°C, therefore, the heat required to boil the sample can be determined

q4= m × ∆Hvap

    = 25 g × 500 J/g

   = 12500 J

Thus, total heat required to this phase change is q1 + q2 + q3 + q4  = 500 J + 4500 J +6562.5  J + 12500 J = 24062.5 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J / min

450 J = 1 min

24062.5 J = ? min

24062.5J ×  1min / 450 J = 53.47 min

iii) Calculating the heat and time required to heat the sample from its boiling point to 100°C

C gas = 0.5 J / g °C

The heat required to boil the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from 85°C to 100°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 100.°C  and T i = 85°C

q5 = 25 g ×  0.5 J / g °C × [100 - 85] °C

    = 25 J / °C ×15 °C

    = 187.5  J

The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to 100°C is

q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 = 500 J + 4500 J + 2625J + 12500 J + 187.5 J

                                      =24250 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J / min

  450. J = 1 min

 24250 J=? min

Thus, heating the sample to 100.°C takes a total of 53.89 min.

iv) Draw a curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process:-

Temperature °C     Temperature K     Heat energy (J)     Time (min)

 -40 °C                       233                             0                     0

-20 °C                          253                          500                  1.11    

Melting -20 °C             253                        5000                   11.11

85 °C                         358                         11562.5              25.69

Boiling 85 °C             358                           24062.5          53.475              

100  °C                       373                             24250          53.89

Hence, the graph for the result is in the image.

Learn more about temperature here:-brainly.com/question/24746268

#SPJ4

4 0
2 years ago
When a substance goes from a gas to a liquid, it goes through a ________ change. chemical phase bond nuclear
algol [13]
It goes through a chemical bond
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Your teacher asks you to follow the instructions in a lab to produce several known chemical reactions. During these procedures,
vova2212 [387]

Answer:

There are five evidences that tell whether a chemical change has occurred. These are change of color, change of odor, change in temperature or energy, formation of gas and formation of a precipitate.

Explanation:

Chemical Change- This is a type of chemical reaction which occurs when the properties of one or more atoms change and results into a<u> newly formed substance. </u>

Let's have a further discussion of the evidences.

1. Change of Color- Color change is caused by the combination of two or more substance with different molecular structures. A popular example of this is the Statue of the Liberty, which is made of copper plates. Due to the exposure of copper to elements like water, it changed color.

2. Change of Odor- This can be best presented with rotting food. During the rotting process, the food undergoes a chemical reaction. The result is a rotten smell.

3. Change in Temperature or Energy- An example of this is the burning of wood. Its change is considered non-reversible.

4. Formation of Gas- This can be best presented with the cake batter (the one being used to make cakes or pancakes). The batter rises which means it is forming gas. This is caused by the reaction of the baking soda and the acid.

5. Formation of a Precipitate- This occurs when two soluble salts combine and their outcome is an insoluble salt (this is the precipitate).

Take note that if any of these evidences occur, then there's definitely a chemical reaction.

3 0
3 years ago
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