- The complexity of Earth is beyond the capabilities of computer simulations.
- Numerous assumptions that must be made by computer models have a big impact on the forecasts they produce.
- A computer model can incorporate historical climate data, but it is not possible to draw assumptions about future climates using this data in any way.
- A computer model cannot distinguish between anthropogenic climate change and natural climatic fluctuations.
<h3>How precise are temperature forecasts made by climate models?</h3>
The forecasting of global surface temperatures is one of the most significant results of climate models.
Scientists evaluate the effectiveness of their models by contrasting observations of the Earth's climate with predictions of future temperatures and "hindcasts" of past temperatures. Then, by comparing specific climate models and the average of all models to actual warming, scientists may determine whether temperature projections are accurate.
Researchers can have more faith that models can effectively predict future changes in the same factors if they successfully simulate the climate response in the past.
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Flux through each of the six faces of the cube: 
Explanation:
In this problem, a charge 
is placed at the center of the cube.
We can apply Gauss Law, which states that the flux through the surface of the cube is equal to the charge contained within the cube divided by the vacuum permittivity; mathematically:
where
is the charge
is the vacuum permittivity
Here we want to find the flux through each of the six faces of the cube.
By simmetry, we can say that the 6 faces are identical: therefore, the flux through each of them must be the same. This means that the flux through each faces is 1/6 of the total flux through the total surface, therefore:
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Answer:
a) 2.02 years
b) 8.1 x 10⁻⁸.
Explanation:
Time period of a rotating body T² is proportional to radius of orbit R³ So
T₁² / T₂² = R₁³ /R₂³ ( T₁ and R₁ is time period and radius of orbit of the earth .)
1² / T₂² =( 1/1.6)³
T₂ = 2.02 years.
Kinetic energy of an orbiting body = 1/2 m v₀² ( v₀ is orbital speed)
= 1/2 m x 2 g R = m x G m/R² X R= m² x G /R
Kinetic energy of asteroid K₁ / kinetic energy of earth K₂ =
(mass of asteroid/mass of earth)² x( radius of earth / radius of asteroid)
=( 3.6 x 10⁻⁴)² x 1/1.6 = 8.1 x 10⁻⁸ .
It also takes energy to break the hydrogen bonds in water that must be disrupted to insert one of these sucrose molecules into solution. Sugar dissolves in water because energy is given off when the slightly polar sucrose molecules form intermolecular bonds with the polar water molecules.
I hope this helped :)
Without an external agent doing work, heat will always flow from a hotter to a cooler object. Two objects of different temperature always interact. There are three different ways for heat to flow from one object to another. They are conduction, convection, and radiation.
