The vector, which is often a small, circular piece of dna that can exist outside the bacterial chromosome, is known as a plasmid.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They normally contain only a few genes, including some linked to antibiotic resistance, and they can spread from one cell to another.
Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid when it duplicates itself. Molecular cloning, the process of creating DNA molecules and introducing them into a host cell, uses plasmid vectors as the means of delivering recombinant DNA into the host cell.
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Because human DNA is so very long (with up to 80 million base pairs in a chromosome) it unzips at multiple places along its length so that the replication process is going on simultaneously and more accurately.
Answer:
Point mutations are a broad category of mutations that describe a change in a single nucleotide of DNA, such as a substitution for another nucleotide, deletion of a nucleotide, or insertion of a single nucleotide into the DNA, resulting in DNA that differs from the normal or wild type gene...
or you can say:
Point mutations are a large category of mutations that describe a change in single nucleotide of DNA, such that that nucleotide is switched for another nucleotide, or that nucleotide is deleted, or a single nucleotide is inserted into the DNA that causes that DNA to be different from the normal or wild type gene ...
