Answer:
Explanation:
The HF is about five million times as strong as phenol, so it will be by far the major contributor of hydronium ions. We can ignore the contribution from the phenol.
1 .Calculate the hydronium ion concentration
We can use an ICE table to organize the calculations.
HF + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + F⁻
I/mol·L⁻¹: 2.7 0 0
C/mol·L⁻¹: -x +x +x
E/mol·L⁻¹: 2.7 - x x x
![K_{\text{a}} = \dfrac{\text{[H}_{3}\text{O}^{+}] \text{F}^{-}]} {\text{[HF]}} = 7.2 \times 10^{-4}\\\\\dfrac{x^{2}}{2.7 - x} = 7.2 \times 10^{-4}\\\\\text{Check for negligibility of }x\\\\\dfrac{2.7}{7.2 \times 10^{-4}} = 4000 > 400\\\\\therefore x \ll 2.7\\\dfrac{x^{2}}{2.7} = 7.2 \times 10^{-4}\\\\x^{2} = 2.7 \times 7.2 \times 10^{-4} = 1.94 \times 10^{-3}\\x = 0.0441\\\text{[H$_{3}$O$^{+}$]}= \text{x mol$\cdot$L$^{-1}$} = \text{0.0441 mol$\cdot$L$^{-1}$}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7B%5Ctext%7Ba%7D%7D%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B%5Ctext%7B%5BH%7D_%7B3%7D%5Ctext%7BO%7D%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%5Ctext%7BF%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%20%7B%5Ctext%7B%5BHF%5D%7D%7D%20%3D%207.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Cdfrac%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7B2.7%20-%20x%7D%20%3D%207.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctext%7BCheck%20for%20negligibility%20of%20%7Dx%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Cdfrac%7B2.7%7D%7B7.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%7D%20%3D%204000%20%3E%20400%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctherefore%20x%20%5Cll%202.7%5C%5C%5Cdfrac%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7B2.7%7D%20%3D%207.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%5C%5C%5Cx%5E%7B2%7D%20%3D%202.7%20%5Ctimes%207.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%20%3D%201.94%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%5Cx%20%3D%200.0441%5C%5C%5Ctext%7B%5BH%24_%7B3%7D%24O%24%5E%7B%2B%7D%24%5D%7D%3D%20%5Ctext%7Bx%20mol%24%5Ccdot%24L%24%5E%7B-1%7D%24%7D%20%3D%20%5Ctext%7B0.0441%20mol%24%5Ccdot%24L%24%5E%7B-1%7D%24%7D)
2. Calculate the pH
![\text{pH} = -\log{\rm[H_{3}O^{+}]} = -\log{0.0441} = \large \boxed{\mathbf{1.36}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BpH%7D%20%3D%20-%5Clog%7B%5Crm%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%7D%20%3D%20-%5Clog%7B0.0441%7D%20%3D%20%5Clarge%20%5Cboxed%7B%5Cmathbf%7B1.36%7D%7D)
3. Calculate [C₆H₅O⁻]
C₆H₅OH + H₂O ⇌ C₆H₅O⁻ + H₃O⁺
2.7 x 0.0441
Answer:
It's called the shielding effect
Explanation:
It describes the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron shell. (I hope this helps)
Answer:
1.) AgNO₃
2.) 0.563 moles AgBr
Explanation:
The limiting reagent is the reagent that is used up completely during a reaction. It can be identified by calculating which reactant produces the smallest amount of product. This can be done by determining the number of moles of each reagent (via molarity conversion). and then converting it to moles of the product (via mole-to-mole ratio).
AgNO₃ (aq) + KBr (aq) ---> AgBr (s) + KNO₃ (aq)
Molarity (M) = moles / liters
100 mL = 1 L
AgNO₃
45.0 mL / 100 = 45.0 L
1.25 M = ? moles / 0.450 L
? moles = 0.563 moles
KBr
75.0 mL / 100 = 0.750 L
0.800 M = ? moles / 0.750 L
? moles = 0.600 moles
In this case, there is no need to use the mole-to-mole ratio because all of the coefficients are one in the reaction (the amount of the limiting reagent used is the same amount of product produced). Since AgNO₃ produces the smaller amount of product, it is the limiting reagent.
The difference between an element and a compound is that an element is composed of only one kind of atom while a compound is composed of at least 2 kinds of atoms. The properties of an element and the compound the atoms has to form are different physically and chemically.Example of element are O and H, while compound examples are H2O and H2O2.
A positive cahnge of enthalpy, ΔH rxn = + 55 kJ/mol, for the forward reaction means that the reaction is endothermic, i.e. the reactants absorb energy and the products are higher in energy.
Activation energy is the difference in the energy level of the reactants and the peak in the potential energy diagram (the energy of the transition state).
For an endothermic reaction, the products will be closer in energy to the transition state than what the reactans will be; so, the activation energy of the reversed reaction is lower than the activation energy of the forward reaction.
Activation energy of reverse and forward reactions is related by:
Activation energy of reverse rxn = Activation energy of forward rxn - ΔH rxn
=> Activiation energy of reverse rxn = 102 kJ/mol - 55 kJ/mol = 47 kJ/mol
Answer: 47 kJ/mol
