There are 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons since the atomic mass is rounded to 13.
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The effective nuclear charge is an innate property of a specific element. It is the pull of force that an electron feels from the nucleus. It is related to the valence electron by the equation: Z* = Z-S, where Z* is the effective nuclear charge, Z is the atomic number and S is the shielding constant.
For the following elements in the choices, these are their values of Z*:
Aluminum - +12.591
Beryllium - +1.912
Hydrogen - +1
Carbon - +4
The effective nuclear charge of Boron is +3. Thus, the answers are Aluminum and Carbon.
A. True.
Very true. The quicker or slower the reactants are used up the faster or slower the rate of reaction, and the faster or slower the products are formed, the faster or slower the rate of reaction.
