The clock is pulling the force towards earth's center because of gravity.
That force is equal to:
F = m*g where g is gravitational acceleration.
We will take that g = 9.81m/s^2
Now:
F = 0.25 * 9.81 = 2.4525 N
The string needs to sustain that force, therefore minimum Force that string has to be able to sustain is:
2.4525 N
The membrane is depolarized compared to the resting membrane potential.
Through conformational changes from closed, nonconducting states to an open, current-conducting state, membrane depolarization activates sodium channels. Na+ channels open slowly and change from an open state to a nonconducting, rapidly inactivated state as a result of delayed openings, which contribute to the declining fraction of INa induced by prolonged depolarization. Additionally, sodium channels can move swiftly from the closed state to the fast-inactivated state. When the membrane is depolarized, inactivated channels are prevented from opening.
The distribution of channels between the closed and slow-inactivated states, however, limits the number of excitable sodium channels as a function of the membrane potential since slow inactivation acts at greater negative potentials than fast inactivation.
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