Answer:
The conditions necessary for hearing the echo. The distance between the sound source and the reflecting surface must not be less than 17 metres where the time period between hearing the original sound and its echo should not be less than 0.1 of a second.
Let volume of empty boat be = 100% = 1V
and mass of boat be M
In water 10%, 0.1V of the volume is submerged.
Mass, m of 1200kg increases the submerging from 10%, 0.1V to 70%, 0.7V
M leads to 0.1V boat submerging
boat submerging.
M + 1200kg leads to 0.7V boat submerging.
This is 60%, 0.6 V increase
By comparison
(M+1200kg) * 0.1V = 0.7V * M
0.1M + 120kg = 0.7M
120kg = 0.7M - 0.1M
120kg = 0.6M
M = (120/0.6)kg
M = 200kg.
The mass of the boat is 200kg.
Answer: F = 1235 N
Explanation: Newton's Second Law of Motion describes the effect of mass and net force upon acceleration: 
Acceleration is the change of velocity in a period of time: 
Velocity of the car is in km/h. Transforming it in m/s:

v = 13 m/s
At the moment the car decelerates, acceleration is
a = 65 m/s²
Then, force will be

= 1235 N
The horizontal net force the straps of the restraint chair exerted on the child to hold her is 1235 newtons.