Answer:
a) 280MPa
b) -100MPa
c) -0.35
d) 380 MPa
Explanation:
GIVEN DATA:
mean stress 
stress amplitude 
a) 
--------------1

-----------2
solving 1 and 2 equation we get

b) 
c)
stress ratio

d)magnitude of stress range

= 280 -(-100) = 380 MPa
The forklift overturning is a very common way of getting injured from a forklift. Overturning the forklift means it tips over onto it's side due to the operator turning it too fast.
The lightning efficiency based on the scenario depicted will be C. 56 lumens/Watt, more efficient.
<h3>How to calculate the lightning efficiency</h3>
The efficiency of the incandescent bulb will be:
= 450/40 = 11.25 lumens per watt.
The efficiency of the LED bulb will be:
= 450/8 = 56 lumens per watt.
In this case, the LED bulb is more efficient than the incandescent bulb.
Therefore, the lighting efficiency will be 56 lumens/Watt, more efficient
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