Answer:
The free energy change for malate dehydrogenase reaction is -50kJ/mol
Explanation:
The malate dehydrogenase reaction is:
Malate + NAD⁺ ⇄ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Where equilibrium constant, k, could be expressed as:
![K = \frac{[Oxaloacetate][NADH][H^+]}{[NAD^+][Malate]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BOxaloacetate%5D%5BNADH%5D%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7B%5BNAD%5E%2B%5D%5BMalate%5D%7D)
Replacing with the listed concentrations:
![K = \frac{[0,130mM][180mM][10^{-7}M]}{[460mM][1,37mM]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5B0%2C130mM%5D%5B180mM%5D%5B10%5E%7B-7%7DM%5D%7D%7B%5B460mM%5D%5B1%2C37mM%5D%7D)
K = 3,713x10⁻⁹
ΔG° is defined as:
<em>ΔG° = RT ln K </em><em>(1)</em>
Where:
R is gas constant 8,314J/molK
T is temperature 310K
And K = 3,713x10⁻⁹
<em>ΔG° = -50000 J/mol ≡ </em>-50kJ/mol
I hope it helps!
Nutrients
All microorganisms need food. The food sources can vary, but the organisms primarily extract carbon and nitrogen from substances such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Some microorganisms seek out and absorb such particles. Others may perform chemical reactions with surrounding elements such as carbon dioxide to gain what they need, while still others can produce their own simple sugars through photosynthesis similar to plants. Nitrogen, which is used to synthesize proteins, can be taken from the surrounding atmosphere or from other organic matter.
Temperature
In general, the higher the temperature, the more easily microorganisms can grow up to a certain point. Very high and very low temperatures both obstruct the enzyme processes microorganisms depend on to survive, but individual species of microorganisms have grown to prefer different levels of temperature. Scientists usually divide them into three different groups: psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles. Psychrophiles prefer temperatures from 0 to 5 degrees Celsius; mesophiles like it in the middle, 20-45 degrees Celsius; and thermophiles like it hot, thriving in temperatures around or above 55 degrees.
pH Levels
Microorganisms also prefer a certain pH level in the substance or environment in which they grow--that is, they prefer to have particular acidic qualities in their surroundings. Most microorganisms, including most human pathogens, are neutriphils, organisms that prefer a neutral pH level. Some like high pH levels, but most often, if conditions are too acidic, then the organism's enzymes break down.
Moisture
The free flow of water is vital to microorganisms for their cells to exchange materials and for their metabolic processes. All microorganisms require some level of water, but a few can survive in low-moisture conditions by conserving all the water they find and by staying in a moisture-rich environment. As a general rule, though, the more moisture, the more microorganisms there will be found.
Elements Present
1. Milk.
2. What is in the bowl the popcorn, cereal, and pretzels.
3. Hot chocolate and hot milk.
4. Hot chocolate mix.
5. Hot milk.
6. No, because the hot chocolate powder was meant for hot liquids and with cold water it will take longer to dissolve.
You don't have to write exactly as me change it up if you need to hope this helps!!!
Answer:
Explanation:
Write the BALANCED equation for the reaction:
2 NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
You’ll see that 1 mole H2SO4 requires 2 moles NaOH for neutralisation
50cm^3 of Sulphuric acid, concentration 0.1 mol/l
Contains:
0.1 x 50 divided by 1000 moles H2SO4
This is equivalent to:
0.1 x 50 x 2 divided by 1000 moles NaOH
= 0.01 moles NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide solution, concentration 0.4 mol/l contains
0.4 divided by 1000 moles NaOH per cm^3
Therefore 0.01 moles NaOH is equivalent to:
1000 x 0.01 divided by 0.4 cm^3 NaOH solution
= 25 cm^3
OR, another way:
Write the BALANCED equation for the reaction:
2 NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
Since 1 mole H2SO4 requires 2 mole NaOH,
50cm^3 of Sulphuric acid, concentration 0.1 mol/l will require
2 x 50cm^3 NaOH, concentration 0.1 mol/l
Therefore, amount of 0.4 mol/l NaOH required is:
2 x 50 divided by 4
= 25 cm^3