Answer:
4) transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom
Explanation:
Electrons are located outside of the nucleus which contains the protons and the neutrons.
For bonds to form, valence electrons located in the outermost shell electrons are involved. These are the valence electrons. These outer shell electrons can be shared or transferred between two combining atoms to form stable atoms.
In ionic bonds, the electrons are transferred from one specie to another. The atom that loses the electrons becomes positively charged and the receiving atom becomes negatively charged. This is the crux of ionic bonds.
Answer:
Value of
for the given redox reaction is ![1.0\times 10^{-8}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D)
Explanation:
Redox reaction with states of species:
![14H^{+}(aq.)+Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}(aq.)+6Cl^{-}(aq.)\rightarrow 2Cr^{3+}(aq.)+3Cl_{2}(g)+7H_{2}O(l)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=14H%5E%7B%2B%7D%28aq.%29%2BCr_%7B2%7DO_%7B7%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%28aq.%29%2B6Cl%5E%7B-%7D%28aq.%29%5Crightarrow%202Cr%5E%7B3%2B%7D%28aq.%29%2B3Cl_%7B2%7D%28g%29%2B7H_%7B2%7DO%28l%29)
Reaction quotient for this redox reaction:
![Q_{p}=\frac{[Cr^{3+}]^{2}.P_{Cl_{2}}^{3}}{[H^{+}]^{14}.[Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}].[Cl^{-}]^{6}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_%7Bp%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BCr%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D.P_%7BCl_%7B2%7D%7D%5E%7B3%7D%7D%7B%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5E%7B14%7D.%5BCr_%7B2%7DO_%7B7%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D.%5BCl%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B6%7D%7D)
Species inside third braket represent concentration in molarity, P represent pressure in atm and concentration of
is taken as 1 due to the fact that
is a pure liquid.
![pH=-log[H^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3D-log%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
So, ![[H^{+}]=10^{-pH}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%3D10%5E%7B-pH%7D)
Plug in all the given values in the equation of
:
![Q_{p}=\frac{(0.10)^{2}\times (0.010)^{3}}{(10^{-0.0})^{14}\times (1.0)\times (1.0)^{6}}=1.0\times 10^{-8}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_%7Bp%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%280.10%29%5E%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%20%280.010%29%5E%7B3%7D%7D%7B%2810%5E%7B-0.0%7D%29%5E%7B14%7D%5Ctimes%20%281.0%29%5Ctimes%20%281.0%29%5E%7B6%7D%7D%3D1.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D)
Answer : The molarity and molality of the solution is, 18.29 mole/L and 499.59 mole/Kg respectively.
Solution : Given,
Density of solution = ![1.83g/cm^3=1.83g/ml](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.83g%2Fcm%5E3%3D1.83g%2Fml)
Molar mass of sulfuric acid (solute) = 98.079 g/mole
98.0 % sulfuric acid by mass means that 98.0 gram of sulfuric acid is present in 100 g of solution.
Mass of sulfuric acid (solute) = 98.0 g
Mass of solution = 100 g
Mass of solvent = Mass of solution - Mass of solute = 100 - 98.0 = 2 g
First we have to calculate the volume of solution.
![\text{Volume of solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solution}}{\text{Density of solution}}=\frac{100g}{1.83g/ml}=54.64ml](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctext%7BVolume%20of%20solution%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctext%7BMass%20of%20solution%7D%7D%7B%5Ctext%7BDensity%20of%20solution%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B100g%7D%7B1.83g%2Fml%7D%3D54.64ml)
Now we have to calculate the molarity of solution.
![Molarity=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{volume of solution}}=\frac{98.0g\times 1000}{98.079g/mole\times 54.64ml}=18.29mole/L](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Molarity%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctext%7BMass%20of%20solute%7D%5Ctimes%201000%7D%7B%5Ctext%7BMolar%20mass%20of%20solute%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Ctext%7Bvolume%20of%20solution%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B98.0g%5Ctimes%201000%7D%7B98.079g%2Fmole%5Ctimes%2054.64ml%7D%3D18.29mole%2FL)
Now we have to calculate the molality of the solution.
![Molality=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Mass of solvent}}=\frac{98.0g\times 1000}{98.079g/mole\times 2g}=499.59mole/Kg](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Molality%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctext%7BMass%20of%20solute%7D%5Ctimes%201000%7D%7B%5Ctext%7BMolar%20mass%20of%20solute%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Ctext%7BMass%20of%20solvent%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B98.0g%5Ctimes%201000%7D%7B98.079g%2Fmole%5Ctimes%202g%7D%3D499.59mole%2FKg)
Therefore, the molarity and molality of the solution is, 18.29 mole/L and 499.59 mole/Kg respectively.
Answer:
fe3o4+4h2 - 3fe + 4h2o
therefore coefficient is 4