The concentration of hydroxide ion is 5
10^
−
14 M.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Consider the equilibrium of this acid's dissociation,
H
C
l
O
4 ⇌ H
+ + C
l
O 4
-
Moreover, let's assume that H
C
l
O
4 is a strong acid and will fully dissociate.
Hence,
[
H
+
] = 0.20 M
Now, recall,
K
w = [
H
+
]
[
O
H
−
] = 1.0
10
^−
14
Hence,
⇒
[
O
H
−
] = K
w / [
H
+
] = 5
10^
−
14 M.
Answer:
Graduated cylinder is the correct answer for this question
<span>Answer is: it takes 1,448 billion years.
The half-life for the radioactive decay of U-238 is 4.5 billion years and is independent of initial concentration.
</span>c₀ - initial concentration of U-238.
c - concentration <span>of U-238 remaining at time.
t = 4,5</span>·10⁹ y.<span>
First calculate </span><span>the radioactive decay rate constant λ:
</span>λ = 0,693 ÷ t = 0,693 ÷ 4,5·10⁹ y = 1,54·10⁻¹⁰ 1/y.
ln(c/c₀) = -λ·t₁.
ln(0,8/1) = -1,54·10⁻¹⁰ 1/y · t₁.
t₁ = 1,448·10⁹ y.