When light travels from a medium with higher refractive index to a medium with lower refractive index, there is a critical angle after which all the light is reflected (so, there is no refraction).
The value of this critical angle can be derived by Snell's law, and it is equal to

where n2 is the refractive index of the second medium and n1 is the refractive index of the first medium.
In our problem, n1=1.47 and n2=1.33, so the critical angle is
Answer:
At 6 minutes, the soil temperature at a 45° angle of insolation is higher than at 0°.
At 15 minutes, the soil temperature at a 90° angle of insolation is higher than at 45°
Explanation:
This question is asking you to determine if individual atoms or systems, or both have these types of energy. A system would be "all the molecules or atoms" whereas an individual atom is "each of the molecules or atoms."
Answers:
A. All the molecules or atoms in motion have kinetic energy.
B. Each molecule or atom in motion has kinetic energy.
D. All the molecules or atoms in motion have thermal energy.
The only incorrect answer is C because individual atoms don't have thermal energy, only when they interact with other atoms. Still, atoms do have kinetic energy, which has the potential to turn into heat energy in these interactions.
Hope this helps!