Answer:
Both molarity and formality express concentration as moles of solute per liter of solution. Formality is a substance's total concentration in solution without regard to its specific chemical form. ... The formality of a solution is defined as the number of formula mass of any solute dissolved in 1 litre of solution.
Answer:
For O: atomic number = 8 # neutrons = 8
For Al: atomic mass = 27, # electrons = 13
Answer:
The fundamental principle involves the formation of equilibrium and separation into distillate and bottoms governed by the equilibrium composition curve , number of stages and the purity with which the distillate is required.
Explanation:
Distillation is a type of the separation process by physical means of a mixture on basis of its difference in boiling point or vapor pressure .
Where we can just heat the mixture and separate out the components i.e the component with lower boiling point will form vapor easily and can be later condensed whereas the component with higher boiling point will remain as residue.
In case of a distillation column the same principle is applied at different stages to separate multiple components .The stages are known as trays or plates . In general , there is a certain liquid on each of the plate, and the arrangements are made for the ascending vapors to pass through the liquid and make contact with it . The fundamental principle involves the formation of equilibrium and separation into distillate and bottoms governed by the equilibrium composition curve , number of stages and the purity with which the distillate is required.
B is the correct answer for it
I can give you a clue of getting mass. if it is the atomic number is even multiply by 2 but if the atomic number is odd multiply by 2 and add 1
sodium atomic number = 11 so mass = 11*2 +1 = 23
oxygen. atomic number = 8 so mass = 8*2 = 16
carbon atomic number = 6 so mass = 6*2 = 12
