Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction:
If the gravitational force of the Earth on the Moon is F then the gravitational force of the Moon on the Earth is also F
The answer is A). Moving from A to C the temperature and the kinetic energy increases.
The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance by

is given by

where m is the mass of the substance, Cs is its specific heat capacity and

is the increase of temperature.
If we re-arrange the formula, we get

And if we plug the data of the problem into the equation, we can find the specific heat capacity of the substance: