Answer:
A = non polar solvent.
Explanation:
Solvent:
Solvent is the that part of solution which is present in large proportion and have ability to dissolve the solute.
Explanation:
In simplest form it is something in which other substance get dissolve. The most widely used solvent is water, other examples are toluene, acetone, ethanol, chloroform etc.
The solvent dissolve the solute. The dissolution of solute in to solvent always follow the " like dissolve like " rule of chemistry.
If solvent is made up of polar substance then it dissolve the polar solute. If it is non polar then it can dissolve the non polar substances.
Example:
Iodine have covalent iodine-iodine bond which is non polar so iodine would dissolve in ethanol. Ethanol in non polar solvent.
The expansion diameters of the steel cylinder is 0.3mm
The expansion stress on the steel cylinder is 150MPa
<h3>Diameter of thin walled cylinder </h3>
t = Dp / 2s
low pressure cylinder of cast iron used for certain engine
t = Dp / 2500 + 0.3
wall thickness = 0.3 mm
p = internal pressure
d = inside diameter of cylinder
t = wall thikness
s = allowable tensile stress
<h3>The stress of the cylinder is</h3>
The pressure in a thin walled tube with diameter 0.3 m and thickness 0.001 m is 1000 kPa (10 bar).
The hoop stress can be calculated
σh = (1000 kPa) (0.3 m) / (2 (0.001 m))
= 150000 kPa
= 150 MPa
Hence , The diameter of the thin walled cylinder is 0.3mm
The stress of the thin walled cylinder is 150 MPa
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Answer:
66.0 atm
Explanation:
We can calculate the osmotic pressure (π) using the following expression.
where,
Step 1: Calculate i
Sodium sulfate completely dissociates according to the following equation.
Na₂SO₄ ⇒ 2 Na⁺ + SO₄²⁻
Since it produces 3 ions, i = 3.
Step 2: Calculate M
We can calculate the molarity of Na₂SO₄ using the following expression.
Step 3: Calculate T
We will use the following expression.
K = °C + 273.15
K = 20°C + 273.15 = 293 K
Step 4: Calculate π
Answer:
A potentiometric pH meter is used to measure the pH of a solution.
Explanation:
A pH meter is an common instrument that is used to measure the hydrogen-ion concentration in aqueous solutions , the meter indicates its acidity or alkalinity and is expressed as pH.
The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode, hence the pH meter is often called a potentiometric pH meter. The difference in electrical potential is related to the pH of the solution.
Potentiometric pH meters consists of a simple electronic amplifier and a pair of electrodes, alternatively it may consist of a combination electrode, and some form of display calibrated in pH units. It usually has a glass electrode and a reference electrode, or a combination electrode. The electrodes, or probes, are inserted into the solution to be tested and pH values are read off.