Answer:
For any material if ∈ is the axial strain then the lateral strain is given by -μ∈ is the lateral strain in the object
Where,
μ is the poisson's ratio of the material
The longitudinal strain is calculated as follows
Thus the lateral strain becomes
now by definition of lateral strain we have
By hookes law the stress developed due to the given strain is given by
Applying values we get
Thus the force is calculated as
Explanation:
(a)
Here, distance between hosts A and B is m meters and, propagation speed along the link is s meter/sec
Hence, propagation delay,
(b)
Here, size of the packet is L bits
And the transmission rate of the link is R bps
Hence, the transmission time of the packet,
(c)
As we know, end-to-end delay or total no delay,
(d)
The expression, time means the\at time since transmission started is equal to transmission delay.
As we know, transmission delay is the time taken by host to push out the packet.
Hence, at the last bit of the packet has been pushed out or transmitted.
(e)
If
Then, at the bit has been transmitted from host A, but to condition (1), the first bit has not reached B.
(f)
If
Then, at , the first bit has reached destination on B
Here,
It's given that
Hence,
