Its arbitrary. It was developed on the greek phoenetic system and never reallybwas explained.
Energy is stored in chemical bonds during photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, the radiant energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy in carbohydrates.
Inorganic materials in the form of carbon dioxide and oxygen combine to form carbohydrates in the presence of radiant energy according to the equation below:

The energy is thus, stored in chemical bonds in the carbohydrate and this is what is oxidized during respiration to release the locked energy.
More on photosynthesis can be found here: brainly.com/question/1388366
Atoms cannot physically get more compact (temperature lowering increases the space between atoms) At absolute zero, the atoms are as physically close together as allowed by the physical laws governing it.
A stove needs gas to burn (I only have one off the top of my head, sorry :/)
The formula for the self ionization of water is 2H₂O(l)⇄H₃O⁺(aq)+OH⁻(aq)
The hydronium (H₃O⁺) is usually just referred to as a hydrogen ion or a proton (H⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻) doesn't have another name that I am aware of. These ions do stay in solution. However the concentrations are really small and the equilibrium constant (K(w)) is 1×10⁻¹⁴.
I hope this helps. Let me know if anything is unclear.