Answer:
How do ecosystems respond to natural disasters such as fires and floods :
Explanation:
They recover in stages, gradually returning to the original system. … She plans to create various physical and biological disturbances in the ecosystem to see how populations change over time.
Answer:
The ratio [A-]/[HA] increase when the pH increase and the ratio decrease when the pH decrease.
Explanation:
Every weak acid or base is at equilibrium with its conjugate base or acid respectively when it is dissolved in water.
⇄ 
This equilibrium depends on the molecule and it acidic constant (Ka). The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
![pH = pKa + Log \frac{[A^{-}]}{[HA]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20pKa%20%2B%20Log%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BHA%5D%7D)
shows the dependency between the pH of the solution, the pKa and the concentration of the species. If the pH decreases the concentration of protons will increase and the ratio between A- and AH will decrease. Instead, if the pH increases the concentration of protons will decreases and the ratio between A- and AH will increase.
Metal is a conductor of heat
Answer : The
for this reaction is, -88780 J/mole.
Solution :
The balanced cell reaction will be,

Here, magnesium (Cu) undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. silver (Ag) undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.
The half oxidation-reduction reaction will be :
Oxidation : 
Reduction : 
Now we have to calculate the Gibbs free energy.
Formula used :

where,
= Gibbs free energy = ?
n = number of electrons to balance the reaction = 2
F = Faraday constant = 96500 C/mole
= standard e.m.f of cell = 0.46 V
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get the Gibbs free energy.

Therefore, the
for this reaction is, -88780 J/mole.
Answer:
-75 cm^3/min
Explanation:
Given from Boyle's law;
PV=C
From product rule;
VdP/dt + PdV/dt = dC/dt
but dC/dt = 0, V= 500 cm^3, P= 200kPa, dP= 30kPa/min
PdV/dt = dC/dt - VdP/dt
dV/dt = dC/dt - VdP/dt/ P
substituting values;
dV/dt = 0 - (500 * 30)/200
dV/dt = -75 cm^3/min