For the first one: A falling object has higher gravitational potential energy and as it falls this decreases but kinetic energy increases. As the object hits the floor, energy is transferred to heat and sound.
42*9.8*12= 4939.2 Kinetic energy = 4939.2 OR 4939
To find the final speed use the kinetic energy formula;
The dependent variable is the iron in your blood because it depends on the amount of spinach you eat. The independent variable will be the amount of spinach you eat since it doesn’t depend on the iron for anything.