Variable reinforcement schedules generally demonstrate greater resistance to extinction than fixed reinforcement schedules. T F
2 answers:
The answer to the given statement is true.
This is because variable reinforcement schedules are less predictable than fixed reinforcement schedules. There are two possible types of variable reinforcement schedules: variable-ratio or variable-interval.
Variable-ratio reinforcement schedule means that the reinforcement would only be given when the individual exhibits the desired behavior according to a number of responses – these numbers are unpredictable for the subject. Variable-interval uses the same approach, however, the unpredictability lies on the period of time from when the desired behavior appears to when the reinforcement would be given.
This unpredictability causes extinction to be harder for the reinforced behavior since the subject might think that the reward for their behavior might still be given.
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Answer:
<h3>a.</h3>- After it has traveled through 1 cm :
- After it has traveled through 2 cm :
- After it has traveled through 1 cm :
- After it has traveled through 2 cm :
Explanation:
<h2>a.</h2>For this problem, we can use the Beer-Lambert law. For constant attenuation coefficient the formula is:
where I is the intensity of the beam, is the incident intensity and x is the length of the material traveled.
For our problem, after travelling 1 cm:
After travelling 2 cm:
The optical density od is given by:
.
So, after travelling 1 cm:
After travelling 2 cm: