Answer:
A reaction is spontaneous if ΔG is negative.
Explanation:
- The change in free energy (ΔG) is the difference between the heat released during a process and the heat released for the same process occurring in a reversible manner.
- The sign of ΔG gives an indication for the spontaneity of the reaction:
If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
If ΔG = zero, the reaction is at equilibrium.
If ΔG is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.
One can tell by looking at the titration curve of an acid and base whether the acid used is a strong acid or a weak acid. For a titration of a strong acid and a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point will be neutral, that is, pH 7. If the titration involves a weak acid and a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point will not be neutral, the solution will be basic at the equivalence point.
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
According to ideal gas law, the product of pressure and volume is equal to the product of number of moles, gas constant and temperature.
Mathematically, PV = nRT
So, when there are two gases with equal number of moles behaving ideally then the ideal gas equation will be as follows.
=
and =
Hence, when temperature and pressure of both the gases will be constant then = 1.
Thus, we can conclude that constant temperature and pressure is the conditions that must be met for a volume ratio to be created from a balanced chemical equation.