2 C2H2 + 5 O2 --> 4 CO2 + 2 H2O
2.35 mol C2H2 - x mol O2
2 mol C2H2 - 5 mol O2

answer: 5.875 mol
S + 2e⁻ → S²⁻ (sulfur will gain electrons)
Mg - 2e⁻ → Mg²⁺ (magnesium will lose electrons)
Magnesium is a metal which tends to give electrons which are received by the sulfur, which is a nonmetal and tends to gain electrons.
It's essentially another word for concentration, of the acid. e.g. "the molarity of the acid is 3moldm^-3"