Number of Atoms in Gold for given mass can be calculated using following formula,
# of Moles = Number of Atoms / 6.022 × 10²³
Or,
Number of Atoms = Moles × 6.022 × 10²³ ------- (1)
Calculating Moles,
As,
Moles = Mass / M.mass
So,
Moles = 4.25 g / 196.96 g/mol
Moles = 0.0215
Putting value of mole in eq.1,
Number of Atoms = 0.0215 × 6.022 × 10²³
Number of Atoms = 1.299 × 10²²
Result:
4.25 g of Gold Nugget contains 1.299 × 10²² Atoms.
Answer is: <span>
The reaction will not be spontaneous at any temperature.
</span>
<span>Gibbs free energy
(G) determines if reaction will proceed spontaneously.
ΔG = ΔH - T·ΔS.
ΔG - changes in Gibbs free energy.
ΔH - changes in enthalpy.
ΔS - changes in entropy.
T is temperature in Kelvins.
When ΔS < 0 (negative entropy change) and ΔH > 0
(endothermic reaction), the process is never spontaneous (ΔG> 0).</span>
Oil makes it impossible for fur-bearing mammals to insulate<span>, this leaves them unprotected from the harsh elements out in the water. Birds and mammals will die from hypothermia without the ability to insulate from the freezing water.
I hope this helps you! :-)</span>
