1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
SVETLANKA909090 [29]
2 years ago
7

Consider the formation of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl trimethyl acetate. The process is known as enzymatic hydrolysis and i

t occurs in the presence of the enzyme elastase. Along with the formation of p-nitrophenol, trimethyl acetic acid is also formed which is an undesired byproduct. p-nitrophenol is an important intermediate in the manufacture of several pharmaceuticals. Your role as a Chemical Engineer is to maximize the production of p-nitrophenol. The reactions can be denoted as:
E+S → P+ES R1
ES+PE+A R2
where e denotes the enzyme elastase, denotes the substrate p-nitrophenyl trimethyl acetate, es denotes enzyme-substrate intermediate and A denotes the trimethyl acetic acid. The rate of the reactions 1 and 2 are given by:
kg Cs KM + C r2 = kxCp
where Cs and Cp denote the concentrations of the substrate and the product, k, and ky are the rate constants given by 0.015 s' and 0.0026 s. Ky is the Michaelis - Menten constant and is given by 5.53 mol/m!. All the reactants and products are in the liquid phase. The initial concentrations of S and E are 0.5 mol/m3 and 0.001 mol/m..Consider the above reaction to occur in a batch reactor for 15 minutes.
a. Plot the concentration profiles of S, P and A as a function of time in a single figure.
b. Plot the selectivity of P with respect to 5 as a function of time b.
Engineering
1 answer:
solniwko [45]2 years ago
6 0

Solution :

cs=zeros(9001);

ca=zeros(9001);

cp=zeros(9001);

psi=zeros(9001);

t=[0:0.1:900];

cs(1)=0.5;

ce(1)=0.001;

cp(1)=0;

ca(1)=0;

psi(1)=0;

for i=1:1:9000

cs(i+1)=cs(i)-0.1*((0.015*cs(i))/(5.53+cs(i)));

cp(i+1)=cp(i)+0.1*((0.015*cs(i))/(5.53+cs(i))-0.0026*cp(i));

ca(i+1)=ca(i)+0.1*0.0026*cp(i);

psi(i+1)=((cp(i+1)-cp(i)))/((cs(i)-cs(i+1)));

end

plot(t,cs,t,cp,t,ca);

plot(t,psi);

You might be interested in
Can somebody help me with that
skelet666 [1.2K]

Answer:

I think it's 23 ohms.

Explanation:

Not entirely sure about it.

hope this helps

4 0
2 years ago
Identify the different engineering activities/steps in the engineering design process for each steps,summarize in 1–3 sentences
Gennadij [26K]

Answer:

Hi how are you doing today Jasmine

5 0
2 years ago
Concrete ___ support and anchor the bottom of steel columns and wood post, which support beams that are pare of framing system o
dolphi86 [110]
I wanna say it’s D post support
3 0
2 years ago
For methyl chloride at 100°C the second and third virial coefficients are: B = −242.5 cm 3 ·mol −1 C = 25,200 cm 6 ·mol −2 Calcu
bogdanovich [222]

Answer:

a)W=12.62 kJ/mol

b)W=12.59 kJ/mol

Explanation:

At T = 100 °C the second and third virial coefficients are

B = -242.5 cm^3 mol^-1

C = 25200 cm^6  mo1^-2

Now according isothermal work of one mole methyl gas is

W=-\int\limits^a_b {P} \, dV

a=v_2\\

b=v_1

from virial equation  

\frac{PV}{RT}=z=1+\frac{B}{V}+\frac{C}{V^2}\\   \\P=RT(1+\frac{B}{V} +\frac{C}{V^2})\frac{1}{V}\\

And  

W=-\int\limits^a_b {RT(1+\frac{B}{V} +\frac{C}{V^2}\frac{1}{V}  } \, dV

a=v_2\\

b=v_1

Now calculate V1 and V2 at given condition

\frac{P1V1}{RT} = 1+\frac{B}{v_1} +\frac{C}{v_1^2}

Substitute given values P_1\\ = 1 x 10^5 , T = 373.15 and given values of coefficients we get  

10^5(v_1)/8.314*373.15=1-242.5/v_1+25200/v_1^2

Solve for V1 by iterative or alternative cubic equation solver we get

v_1=30780 cm^3/mol

Similarly solve for state 2 at P2 = 50 bar we get  

v_1=241.33 cm^3/mol

Now  

W=-\int\limits^a_b {RT(1+\frac{B}{V} +\frac{C}{V^2}\frac{1}{V}  } \, dV

a=241.33

b=30780

After performing integration we get work done on the system is  

W=12.62 kJ/mol

(b) for Z = 1 + B' P +C' P^2 = PV/RT by performing differential we get  

         dV=RT(-1/p^2+0+C')dP

Hence work done on the system is  

W=-\int\limits^a_b {P(RT(-1/p^2+0+C')} \, dP

a=v_2\\

b=v_1

by substituting given limit and P = 1 bar , P2 = 50 bar and T = 373 K we get work  

W=12.59 kJ/mol

The work by differ between a and b because the conversion of constant of virial coefficients are valid only for infinite series  

8 0
2 years ago
How to design a solar panel<br>​
artcher [175]

Answer:

#1) Find out how much power you need

#2 Calculate the amount of batteries you need.

#3 Calculate the number of solar panels needed for your location and time of year.

#4 Select a solar charge controller.

#5 Select an inverter.

#6 Balance of system

Explanation: To design solar panel, consider the following steps

1.) Find the power consumption demands

The first step in designing a solar PV system is to find out the total power and energy consumption of all loads that need to be supplied by the solar PV system as follows:

Calculate total Watt-hours per day for each appliance used.

 Add the Watt-hours needed for all appliances together to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be delivered to the appliances.

Calculate total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules.

Multiply the total appliances Watt-hours per day times 1.3 (the energy lost in the system) to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be provided by the panels.

2. Size the PV modules

Different size of PV modules will produce different amount of power. To find out the sizing of PV module, the total peak watt produced needs. The peak watt (Wp) produced depends on size of the PV module and climate of site location. We have to consider panel generation factor which is different in each site location. For Thailand, the panel generation factor is 3.43. To determine the sizing of PV modules, calculate as follows:

2.1 Calculate the total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules

Divide the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules (from item 1.2) by 3.43 to get the total Watt-peak rating needed for the PV panels needed to operate the appliances.

Calculate the number of PV panels for the system

Divide the answer obtained in item 2.1 by the rated output Watt-peak of the PV modules available to you. Increase any fractional part of result to the next highest full number and that will be the 

number of PV modules required.

Result of the calculation is the minimum number of PV panels. If more PV modules are installed, the system will perform better and battery life will be improved. If fewer PV modules are used, the system may not work at all during cloudy periods and battery life will be shortened.

3. Inverter sizing

An inverter is used in the system where AC power output is needed. The input rating of the inverter should never be lower than the total watt of appliances. The inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your battery.

For stand-alone systems, the inverter must be large enough to handle the total amount of Watts you will be using at one time. The inverter size should be 25-30% bigger than total Watts of appliances. In case of appliance type is motor or compressor then inverter size should be minimum 3 times the capacity of those appliances and must be added to the inverter capacity to handle surge current during starting.

For grid tie systems or grid connected systems, the input rating of the inverter should be same as PV array rating to allow for safe and efficient operation.

4. Battery sizing

The battery type recommended for using in solar PV system is deep cycle battery. Deep cycle battery is specifically designed for to be discharged to low energy level and rapid recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years. The battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate the appliances at night and cloudy days. To find out the size of battery, calculate as follows:

     4.1 Calculate total Watt-hours per day used by appliances.

     4.2 Divide the total Watt-hours per day used by 0.85 for battery loss.

     4.3 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.2 by 0.6 for depth of discharge.

     4.4 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.3 by the nominal battery voltage.

     4.5 Multiply the answer obtained in item 4.4 with days of autonomy (the number of days that you need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV panels) to get the required Ampere-hour capacity of deep-cycle battery.

Battery Capacity (Ah) = Total Watt-hours per day used by appliancesx Days of autonomy

(0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage)

5. Solar charge controller sizing

The solar charge controller is typically rated against Amperage and Voltage capacities. Select the solar charge controller to match the voltage of PV array and batteries and then identify which type of solar charge controller is right for your application. Make sure that solar charge controller has enough capacity to handle the current from PV array.

For the series charge controller type, the sizing of controller depends on the total PV input current which is delivered to the controller and also depends on PV panel configuration (series or parallel configuration).

According to standard practice, the sizing of solar charge controller is to take the short circuit current (Isc) of the PV array, and multiply it by 1.3

Solar charge controller rating = Total short circuit current of PV array x 1.3

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Main technologies used in atms vending machines game consoles and microwave ovens
    6·1 answer
  • Admission to an aquarium is $14 per person. There is also an IMAX theatre in the building, which charges $8 per ticket for a 3D
    8·1 answer
  • A 12-mm-diameter cylindrical jet of water discharges vertically into the ambient air. Due to surface tension the pressure inside
    14·1 answer
  • A flat-plate solar collector is used to heat water by having water flow through tubes attached at the back of the thin solar abs
    8·1 answer
  • What kind of value should an employee possess when employees are expected to be responsible and fair?
    5·1 answer
  • 1. A farmer had 752 sheep and took one shot that got them all. How did he do it?
    9·1 answer
  • TP-6 What should you do when fueling an outboard boat with a portable tank?
    12·1 answer
  • Explain the importance of water quality in aquaculture business.
    8·2 answers
  • The static weight distribution is changed laterally by
    5·1 answer
  • Write a SELECT statement that returns these four columns:
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!