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SVETLANKA909090 [29]
2 years ago
7

Consider the formation of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl trimethyl acetate. The process is known as enzymatic hydrolysis and i

t occurs in the presence of the enzyme elastase. Along with the formation of p-nitrophenol, trimethyl acetic acid is also formed which is an undesired byproduct. p-nitrophenol is an important intermediate in the manufacture of several pharmaceuticals. Your role as a Chemical Engineer is to maximize the production of p-nitrophenol. The reactions can be denoted as:
E+S → P+ES R1
ES+PE+A R2
where e denotes the enzyme elastase, denotes the substrate p-nitrophenyl trimethyl acetate, es denotes enzyme-substrate intermediate and A denotes the trimethyl acetic acid. The rate of the reactions 1 and 2 are given by:
kg Cs KM + C r2 = kxCp
where Cs and Cp denote the concentrations of the substrate and the product, k, and ky are the rate constants given by 0.015 s' and 0.0026 s. Ky is the Michaelis - Menten constant and is given by 5.53 mol/m!. All the reactants and products are in the liquid phase. The initial concentrations of S and E are 0.5 mol/m3 and 0.001 mol/m..Consider the above reaction to occur in a batch reactor for 15 minutes.
a. Plot the concentration profiles of S, P and A as a function of time in a single figure.
b. Plot the selectivity of P with respect to 5 as a function of time b.
Engineering
1 answer:
solniwko [45]2 years ago
6 0

Solution :

cs=zeros(9001);

ca=zeros(9001);

cp=zeros(9001);

psi=zeros(9001);

t=[0:0.1:900];

cs(1)=0.5;

ce(1)=0.001;

cp(1)=0;

ca(1)=0;

psi(1)=0;

for i=1:1:9000

cs(i+1)=cs(i)-0.1*((0.015*cs(i))/(5.53+cs(i)));

cp(i+1)=cp(i)+0.1*((0.015*cs(i))/(5.53+cs(i))-0.0026*cp(i));

ca(i+1)=ca(i)+0.1*0.0026*cp(i);

psi(i+1)=((cp(i+1)-cp(i)))/((cs(i)-cs(i+1)));

end

plot(t,cs,t,cp,t,ca);

plot(t,psi);

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A stationary gas-turbine power plant operates on a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. The air enters the
ololo11 [35]

Answer:

A) W' = 15680 KW

B) W' = 17113.87 KW

Explanation:

We are given;

Temperature at state 1; T1 = 290 K

Temperature at state 3; T3 = 1100 K

Rate of heat transfer; Q_in = 35000 kJ/s = 35000 Kw

Pressure of air into compressor; P_c = 95 kPa

Pressure of air into turbine; P_t = 760 kPa

A) The power assuming constant specific heats at room temperature is gotten from;

W' = [1 - ((T4 - T1)/(T3 - T2))] × Q_in

Now, we don't have T4 and T2 but they can be gotten from;

T4 = [T3 × (r_p)^((1 - k)/k)]

T2 = [T1 × (r_p)^((k - 1)/k)]

r_p = P_t/P_c

r_p = 760/95

r_p = 8

Also,k which is specific heat capacity of air has a constant value of 1.4

Thus;

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

T4 = [(1100 × (8^((1 - 1.4)/1.4)]

T4 = 607.25 K

T2 = [290 × (8^((1.4 - 1)/1.4)]

T2 = 525.32 K

Thus;

W' = [1 - ((607.25 - 290)/(1100 - 525.32))] × 35000

W' = 0.448 × 35000

W' = 15680 KW

B) The power accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature is given by;

W' = [1 - ((h4 - h1)/(h3 - h2))] × Q_in

From the table attached, we have the following;

At temperature of 607.25 K and by interpolation; h4 = 614.64 KJ/K

At T3 = 1100 K, h3 = 1161.07 KJ/K

At T1 = 290 K, h1 = 290.16 KJ/K

At T2 = 525.32 K, and by interpolation, h2 = 526.12 KJ/K

Thus;

W' = [1 - ((614.64 - 290.16)/(1161.07 - 526.12))] × 35000

W' = 17113.87 KW

4 0
2 years ago
Expalin the application of diesel cycle in detail.
mars1129 [50]

Explanation:

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        All diesel engine work on diesel cycle .In diesel cycle there are four process .These processes are as follows

1. Adiabatic reversible compression

2.Heat addition at constant pressure

3.Adiabatic reversible expansion

4.Constant volume heat rejection

In general compression ratio in diesel engine is high as compare to petrol engine.But the efficiency of diesel cycle is less as compare to petrol cycle for same compression ratio.

Applications of diesel cycle:

Generally diesel cycle used for heavy vehicle or equipment because heavy vehicle or equipment is required high initial torque.So this cycle have lots of applications such as in industrial machining,in trucks,power plant,in mining ,in defense or military,large motors ,compressor and pump etc.

   

5 0
3 years ago
Steam at 20 bars is in the saturated vapor state (call this state 1) and contained in a pistoncylinderdevice with a volume of 0.
saul85 [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that:

<u>At state 1:</u>

Pressure P₁ = 20 bar

Volume V₁ = 0.03 \mathbf{m^{3}}

From the tables at saturated vapour;

Temperature T₁ = 212.4⁰ C  ; v_1 = vg_1 = 0.0996 \mathbf{m^{3}} / kg

The mass inside the cylinder is m = 0.3 kg, which is constant.

The specific internal energy u₁ = ug₁ = 2599.2 kJ/kg

<u>At state 2:</u>

Temperature T₂ = 200⁰ C

Since the 1 - 2 occurs in an isochoric process v₂ = v₁ = 0.099 \mathbf{m^{3}} / kg

From temperature T₂ = 200⁰ C

v_f_2 = 0.0016 \ m^3/kg  

vg_2 = 0.127 \ m^3/kg  

Since  vf_2 < v_2 , the saturated pressure at state 2 i.e. P₂ = 15.5 bar

Mixture quality x_2 = \dfrac{v_2-vf_2}{vg_2 -vf_2}

x_2 = \dfrac{(0.099-0.0016)m^3/kg}{(0.127 -0.0016) m^3/kg}

x_2 = \dfrac{(0.0974)m^3/kg}{(0.1254) m^3/kg}

\mathsf{x_2 =0.78}

At temperature T₂, the specific internal energy u_f_2 = 850.6 \ kJ/kg , also ug_2 = 2594.3 \ kJ/kg

Thus,

u_2 = uf_2 + x_2 (ug_2 -uf_2)

u_2 =850.6  +0.78 (2594.3 -850.6)

u_2 =850.6  +1360.086

u_2 =2210.686 \ kJ/kg

<u>At state 3:</u>

Temperature T_3=T_2 = 200 ^0 C ,

V_3 = 2V_1 = 0.06 \ m^3

Specific volume v_3 = 0.2  \ m^3/kg

Thus; vg_3 =vg_2 = 0.127 \ m^3/kg ,

SInce v_3 > vg_3, therefore, the phase is in a superheated vapour state.

From the tables of superheated vapour tables; at v_3 = 0.2  \ m^3/kg and T₃ = 200⁰ C

The pressure = 10 bar and v =0.206 \ m^3/kg

The specific internal energy u_3 at the pressure of 10 bar = 2622.3 kJ/kg

The changes in the specific internal energy is:

u_2-u_1

= (2210.686 - 2599.2) kJ/kg

= -388.514 kJ/kg

≅ - 389 kJ/kg

u_3-u_2

= (2622.3 - 2210.686)  kJ/kg

= 411.614 kJ/kg

≅ 410 kJ/kg  

We can see the correct sketches of the T-v plot showing the diagrammatic expression in the image attached below.

3 0
3 years ago
At 45° latitude, the gravitational acceleration as a function of elevation z above sea level is given by g = a − bz , where a =
Ahat [919]

Answer:

8861.75 m approximately 8862 m

Explanation:

We need to remember Newton's 2nd Law which says that the force experienced by an object is proportional to his acceleration and that the constant of proportionality between those two vectors correspond to the mass of the object.

F=ma for the weight of an object (which is a force) we have that the acceleration experienced by that object is equal to the gravitational acceleration, obtaining that  W = mg

For simplicity we work with g =9.807 \frac{m}{s^{2}} despiting the effect of the height above sea level. In this problem, we've been asked by the height above sea level that makes the weight of an object 0.30% more lighter.

In accord with the formula g = a-bz the "normal" or "standard" weight of an object is given by W = mg = ma when z = 0, so we need to find the value of z that makes W = m(a-bz) = 0.997ma meaning that the original weight decrease by a 0.30%, so now we operate...

m(a-bz) = 0.997ma now we group like terms on the same sides ma(1-0.997) = mbz we cancel equal tems on both sides and obtain that z = \frac{a}{b} (0.003) = \frac{9.807 \frac{m}{s^{2} } }{3.32*10^{-6} s^{-2} } (0.003) = 8861.75 m

7 0
3 years ago
**Please Help. ASAP**
natima [27]

Answer:

The answer is below

Explanation:

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