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In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a

stepan [7]

Answer:

The required heat flux = 12682.268 W/m²

Explanation:

From the given information:

The initial = 25°C

The final = 75°C

The volume of the fluid = 0.2 m/s

The diameter of the steel tube = 12.7 mm = 0.0127 m

The fluid properties for density $\rho$ = 1000 kg/m³

The mass flow rate of the fluid can be calculated as:

$m = pAV$

$m = \rho \dfrac{\pi}{4}D^2V$

$m = 1000 \times \dfrac{\pi}{4} \times ( 0.0127)^2 \times 0.2$

$m = 0.0253 \ kg/s$

To estimate the amount of the heat by using the expression:

$q = mc_p(T_{final}-T_{initial})$

q = 0.0253 × 4000(75-25)

q = 101.2 (50)

q = 5060 W

Finally, the required heat of the flux is determined by using the formula:

$q" = \dfrac{q}{A_s}$

$q" = \dfrac{q}{\pi D L}$

$q" = \dfrac{5060}{\pi \times 0.0127 \times 10}$

q" = 12682.268 W/m²

The required heat flux = 12682.268 W/m²

3 0

3 years ago

What is the specific volume of oxygen at 40 psia and 80°F?

lisabon 2012 [21]

This is the answer
Ur welcome

6 0

4 years ago

7.4 A pretimed four-timing-stage signal has critical lane group flow rates for the first three timing stages of 200, 187, and 21

Irina18 [472]

Answer:

16 seconds

Explanation:

Given:

C = 60

L = 4 seconds each = 4*4 =16

In this problem, the first 3 timing stages are given as:

200, 187, and 210 veh/h.

We are to find the estimated effective green time of the fourth timing stage. The formula for the estimated effective green time is:

$g = (\frac{v}{s}) (\frac{C}{X})$

Let's first find the fourth stage critical lane group ratio $\frac{v}{s}$ , using the formula:

$C = \frac{1.5L +5}{1 - ( \frac{200}{1800} + \frac{187}{1800} + \frac{210}{1800}) + ( \frac{v}{s})}$

$60 = \frac{1.5*16 + 5}{1 - ( \frac{200}{1800} + \frac{187}{1800} + \frac{210}{1800}) + ( \frac{v}{s})}$

$60 = \frac{24+5}{1 - (0.332 + ( \frac{v}{s}))}$

Solving for $(\frac{v}{s})$ , we have:

$(\frac{v}{s}) = 0.185$

Let's also calculate the volume capacity ratio X,

$X = (\frac{200}{1800} + \frac{187}{1800} + \frac{210}{1800} + 0.185)(\frac{60}{60-16}$

X = 0.704

For the the estimated effective green time of the fourth timing stage, we have:

$g_4 = (\frac{v}{s}) (\frac{C}{X})$

Substituting figures in the equation, we now have:

$g_4 = (0.185) (\frac{60}{0.704})$

$g_4 = 15.78 seconds$

15.78 ≈ 16 seconds

The estimated effective green time of the fourth timing stage is 16 seconds

8 0

3 years ago

sergejj [24]

Answer:

CDI= 1.393 × 10^-3 mg/kg.d

Explanation:

The solution and complete explanation for the above question and mentioned conditions is given below in the attached document.i hope my explanation will help you in understanding this particular question.

8 0

4 years ago

A water initially contains 40 mg · L−1 of Mg2+. The pH of the water is increased until the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH−)

Darya [45]

Answer:

concentration of Mg ion = 0.0122 g/L

Explanation:

Given data;

initial concentration of Magnesium in water is 40 mg/l

concentration of $(OH^-) = 0.001000$

we have dissociation reaction Magnesium dioxide

$Mg(OH)_2 \rightarrow Mg^{2+} + 2OH^{-}$

from above reaction we can conclude

concentration of $Mg(OH)_2 = \frac{OH}{2} = \frac{.0010}{2} = 0.0005 M$

Mass of magnesium ion is calculated as = Mg mole * molar mass of magnesium

concentration of Mg ion = 0.0005*24.305 g/mol = 0.0122 g/L

3 0

4 years ago