Answer:
a. Al(s) ⇄ Al⁺³(aq) + 3e⁻ (oxidation)
Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ ⇄ Mg(s) (reduction)
b. ΔE° = + 0.715 V
c. It's an electrolytic cell, because it's a nonspontaneous reaction.
d. 2Al(s) + 3Mg²⁺(aq) ⇄ 2Al⁺³(aq) + 3Mg(s)
Explanation:
a. By the notation given, first is represented the oxidation reaction and then the reduction reaction, so they are:
Al(s) ⇄ Al⁺³(aq) + 3e⁻ (oxidation)
Mg²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ ⇄ Mg(s) (reduction)
b. The standard potential of the cell (ΔE°) is the reduction potential of the oxidation less the reduction potential of the reduction. The reduction potentials are:
Al(s) = -1.66 V
Mg(s) = -2.375 V
ΔE° = -1.66 - (-2.375)
ΔE° = + 0.715 V
c. It's an electrolytic cell.
A galvanic cell is spontaneous, so the cathode (reduction) has a higher E° than the cathode (oxidation). In this case, the oxidation reaction has a higher E°, so the reaction is nonspontaneous and it's necessary an external force to it happen, so it's an electrolytic cell.
d. 2Al(s) + 3Mg²⁺(aq) ⇄ 2Al⁺³(aq) + 3Mg(s)
The number of electrons must be the same, so the oxidation reaction is multiplied by 2, and the reduction reaction by 3.
Answer:
The full amount (5.00 g) will be dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.
Explanation:
The molecular weight (MW) of Vanillin (C₈H₈O₃) is calculated from the chemical formula as follows:
MW(C₈H₈O₃) = (12 g/mol x 8) + (1 g/mol x 8) + (16 g/mol x 3) = 152 g/mol
If 0.070 mol of C₈H₈O₃ are soluble per liter of water at 25°C, the maximum mass that can be dissolved in 1 L is:
0.070 mol x 152 g/mol = 10.64 g
Since 5.00 g is lesser than the maximum amount that can be dissolved (10.64 g), the added amount will be completely dissolved in 1 L of water at 25°C.
Chemical reactions are a change in substance while nuclear is destruction
Answer:
The answer is treated below.
Explanation:
<u>Natural gas</u>: Natural gas is not used in its pure form; it is processed and converted into cleaner fuel for consumption. It is a fossil fuel composed almost entirely of methane, but contain small amounts of other gases, including ethane, propane, pentane and butane. It is a combustible, gaseous mixture of simple hydrocarbon compounds, usually found in deep underground reservoirs formed by porous rock. Natural gas is mainly used as fuel for generating heat and electricity.
<u>Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)</u>: Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a byproduct of natural gas and oil extraction and crude oil refining . At room temperature, liquefied petroleum gas is a colourless and odourless gas which consists generally of butane (C4H10) or propane (C3H8) or a mixture of both.
<u>Liquefied natural gas (LNG)</u>: Is natural gas that has been liquefied for ease of transport or storage. It is refrigerated to a very low temperature (-162 Celsius). At this temperature it becomes an odourless, non-toxic liquid that can be safely transported over long distances.
<u><em> Three countries that have most of the world’s natural gas reserves</em></u>
- Russia
- Iran
- Qatar
<em>Major advantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource:</em>
- It is less expensive when compared to other fossil fuels.
- It is safer and easier to store when compared to other fossil fuels
<em>Major disadvantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource:</em>
- It costs more to recover the remaining natural gas because of flow, access, etc.
- It is not a renewable source.
- it is a combustible material, It must be handled with care.
- It does not contribute to greenhouse gases.
Three sources of unconventional natural gas :
- <em>Tight Gas</em>
- <em>Shale Gas</em>
- <em>Coalbed Methane</em>
<u>Major problems related to the use of </u><u>Tight Gas</u>
- When Hydrofluoric acid is used to release tight gas in reserves it potentially an issue simply because the substance is so dangerous. A spill or a leak could harm workers and pollute groundwater for uses.
<u>Major problems related to the use of </u><u>Shale Gas</u>
- Risk of ground and surface water contamination.
- Have impacts on air quality.
<u>Major problems related to the use of </u><u>Coalbed Methane</u>
- The development of coalbed methane will result to soil disturbance from construction of wells, roads, and the associated pipeline and electric power rights-of-ways.
- It has impact on wildlife.
One side will burn to a crisp and the other side will freeze... and after some time the earth would be pulled into the sun and cooked
