Answer:
Protons and neutrons
Explanation:
The particles to forms the nucleus of an atom are the protons and neutrons of the atoms.
These materials are located in the tiny nucleus and contributes the most mass of the atom.
- Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom
- Neutrons do not carry any charges.
- Sum of the protons and neutrons gives the mass number of the atom.
<span>In each case, the same bond gets broken - the bond between the hydrogen and oxygen in an -OH group. Writing the rest of the molecule as "X"
</span>
The factors to consider
Two of the factors which influence the ionisation of an acid are:
<span>the strength of the bond being broken,the stability of the ions being formed.</span>
In these cases, you seem to be breaking the same oxygen-hydrogen bond each time, and so you might expect the strengths to be similar.
Answer:
Heating the mixture to a temperature above the boiling point of acetic acid, but below 100°C (the boiling point of water). The vapours from the acetic acid rise, and go into a tube. They are then condensed within the tube, and run off into a separate storage area. Because water can exist as a gas at pretty much any temperature above 0°C, it will result in an impure mixture, but repeatedly doing this will get the acetic acid to the desired purity.
Nonane (b) has the highest melting point.
-----------------------------
A caveat: I'm assuming that we're dealing with the straight-chain isomers of these alkanes (specifically pentane and nonane). The straight-chain isomer of pentane (<em>n</em>-pentane, CH3-[CH2]3-CH3) has a melting point of -129.8 °C; the straight-chain isomer of nonane (<em>n-</em>nonane, CH3-[CH2]7-CH3) has a melting point of -53.5 °C. The pattern holds as you go down (or up): The more carbon atoms, the higher the melting point. So, in decreasing order of melting points here, you'd have the following: nonane > pentane > butane > ethane.
However, one structural isomer of pentane, neopentane, has a melting point of -16.4 °C, which is <em>higher </em>that the melting point of <em>n</em>-nonane despite neopentane having the same molecular formula as its straight-chain isomer. Of course, you're not to blame for coming up with this question; this is just some extra info to keep in mind.
