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Elena L [17]
3 years ago
6

The working substance of a certain Carnot engine is 1.90 of an ideal

Physics
1 answer:
Ulleksa [173]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The energy for an isothermal expansion can be computed as:

\mathsf{Q_H =nRTIn (\dfrac{V_b}{V_a})} --- (1)

However, we are being told that the volume of the gas is twice itself when undergoing adiabatic expansion. This implies that:

V_b = 2V_a

Equation (1) can be written as:

\mathtt{Q_H = nRT_H In (2)}

Also, in a Carnot engine, the efficiency can be computed as:

\mathtt{e = 1 - \dfrac{T_L}{T_H}}

e = \dfrac{T_H-T_L}{T_H}

In addition to that, for any heat engine, the efficiency e =\dfrac{W}{Q_H}

relating the above two equations together, we have:

\dfrac{T_H-T_L}{T_H} = \dfrac{W}{Q_H}

Making the work done (W) the subject:

W = Q_H \Big(\dfrac{T_H-T_L}{T_H} \Big)

From equation (1):

\mathsf{W = nRT_HIn(2)  \Big(\dfrac{T_H-T_L}{T_H} \Big)}

\mathsf{W = nRIn(2)  \Big(T_H-T_L} \Big)}

If we consider the adiabatic expansion as well:

PV^y = constant

i.e.

P_bV_b^y = P_cV_c^y

From ideal gas PV = nRT

we can have:

\dfrac{nRT_H}{V_b}(V_b^y)=  \dfrac{nRT_L}{V_c}(V_c^y)

T_H =  T_L \Big(\dfrac{V_c}{V_b}\Big)^{y-1}

From the question, let us recall  aw we are being informed that:

If the volumes changes by a factor = 5.7

Then, it implies that:

\Big(\dfrac{V_c}{V_b}\Big) = 5.7

∴

T_H =  T_L (5.7)^{y-1}

In an ideal monoatomic gas \gamma = 1.6

As such:

T_H =  T_L (5.7)^{1.6-1}

T_H =  T_L (5.7)^{0.67}

Replacing the value of T_H =  T_L (5.7)^{0.67} into equation \mathsf{W = nRIn(2)  \Big(T_H-T_L} \Big)}

\mathsf{W =  nRT_L In(2) (5.7 ^{0.67 }-1}})

From in the question:

W = 930 J and the moles = 1.90

using 8.314 as constant

Then:

\mathsf{930 =  (1.90)(8.314)T_L In(2) (5.7 ^{0.67 }-1}})

\mathsf{930 = 15.7966\times 1.5315 (T_L )})

\mathsf{T_L= \dfrac{930 }{15.7966\times 1.5315}}

\mathbf{T_L \simeq = 39 \ K}

From T_H =  T_L (5.7)^{0.67}

\mathsf{T_H =  39 (5.7)^{0.67}}

\mathbf{T_H \simeq  125K}

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