Ksp of PbBr₂ is 6.60 × 10⁻⁶. The molar solubility of PbBr₂ in pure water is 0.0118M.
Ksp or Solubility Product Constant is an equilibrium constant for the dissociation in an aqueous solution.
Molar solubility (S) is the concentration of the dissolved substance in a solution that is saturated.
Let the molar solubility be S upon dissociation.
PbBr₂ or Lead Bromide dissociates in pure water as follows:
PbBr₂ ----------> Pb⁺² + Br⁻
S 2S
Ksp = [Pb⁺²] [ Br⁻]
Ksp = (S) (2S)²
Ksp = 4S³
6.60 × 10⁻⁶ = 4S³
S = 0.0118M
Hence, the Molar solubility S is 0.0118M.
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Answer:All materials are made up from atoms, and all atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons, have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge (that is they are Neutral), while Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Atoms are bound together by powerful forces of attraction existing between the atoms nucleus and the electrons in its outer shell.
All materials are made up from atoms, and all atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons, have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge (that is they are Neutral), while Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Atoms are bound together by powerful forces of attraction existing between the atoms nucleus and the electrons in its outer shell.
Electrical Voltage
Voltage, ( V ) is the potential energy of an electrical supply stored in the form of an electrical charge. Voltage can be thought of as the force that pushes electrons through a conductor and the greater the voltage the greater is its ability to “push” the electrons through a given circuit. As energy has the ability to do work this potential energy can be described as the work required in joules to move electrons in the form of an electrical current around a circuit from one point or node to another.
Then the difference in voltage between any two points, connections or junctions (called nodes) in a circuit is known as the Potential Difference, ( p.d. ) commonly called the Voltage Drop.
he Potential difference between two points is measured in Volts with the circuit symbol V, or lowercase “v“, although Energy, E lowercase “e” is sometimes used to indicate a generated emf (electromotive force). Then the greater the voltage, the greater is the pressure (or pushing force) and the greater is the capacity to do work.
A constant voltage source is called a DC Voltage with a voltage that varies periodically with time is called an AC voltage. Voltage is measured in volts, with one volt being defined as the electrical pressure required to force an electrical current of one ampere through a resistance of one Ohm. Voltages are generally expressed in Volts with prefixes used to denote sub-multiples of the voltage such as microvolts ( μV = 10-6 V ), millivolts ( mV = 10-3 V ) or kilovolts ( kV = 103 V ). Voltage can be either positive or negative.
Simply put, density is how tightly “stuff” is packed into a defined space.
For example, a suitcase jam-packed with clothes and souvenirs has a high density, while the same suitcase containing two pairs of underwear has low density. Size-wise, both suitcases look the same, but their density depends on the relationship between their mass and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up in three dimensions.
Density is calculated using the following equation: Density = mass/volume or D = m/v.
If something is heavy for its size, it has a high density. If an object is light for its size it has a low density.
The relative densities of an object and the liquid it is placed in determine whether that object will sink or float.
The size of atom reduces
Electronic configuration of sodium -
2,8,1
In order to become stable it loses one electron and becomes positive ion.
It's size reduces.
