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3 years ago

Explain applications

Physics

1 answer:

hoa [83]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a modern medical imaging technique that have proven to be invaluable in radiology because it is used to obtain pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the human body. MRI scanners make use of strong magnetic fields and radio waves to obtain images of the target organs of the human body.

X-Ray: X-ray is an electromagnetic wave. It is used in medicine to examine the body in order to locate broken bones and metallic objects like bullets. It is used to detect flaws in metal castings and in airports to detect metals in baggage. It is used to investigate the structure of crystals as well as in cancer treatment.

Ultrasound: In medicine, the applications of ultrasound may be surgical, therapeutic, or diagnostic. Also, It is used to detect defects, flaws, cracks in machine parts, bridges and buildings.

Infrared Radiation : Infrared thermal-imaging cameras can be used to take pictures even in the dark. It is very useful in heat sensing. Lastly, it is used in chemistry to study chemical bonds.

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A car traveling on a flat (unbanked), circular track accelerates uniformly from rest with a tangential acceleration of 1.90 m/s2

Ahat [919]

Answer:

Approximately $0.608$ (assuming that $g = 9.81\; \rm N\cdot kg^{-1}$ .)

Explanation:

The question provided very little information about this motion. Therefore, replace these quantities with letters. These unknown quantities should not appear in the conclusion if this question is actually solvable.

Let $m$ represent the mass of this car.
Let $r$ represent the radius of the circular track.

This answer will approach this question in two steps:

Step one: determine the centripetal force when the car is about to skid.
Step two: calculate the coefficient of static friction.

For simplicity, let $a_{T}$ represent the tangential acceleration ( $1.90\; \rm m \cdot s^{-2}$ ) of this car.

<h3>Centripetal Force when the car is about to skid</h3>

The question gave no information about the distance that the car has travelled before it skidded. However, information about the angular displacement is indeed available: the car travelled (without skidding) one-quarter of a circle, which corresponds to $90^\circ$ or $\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2}$ radians.

The angular acceleration of this car can be found as $\displaystyle \alpha = \frac{a_{T}}{r}$ . ( $a_T$ is the tangential acceleration of the car, and $r$ is the radius of this circular track.)

Consider the SUVAT equation that relates initial and final (tangential) velocity ( $u$ and $v$ ) to (tangential) acceleration $a_{T}$ and displacement $x$ :

$v^2 - u^2 = 2\, a_{T}\cdot x$ .

The idea is to solve for the final angular velocity using the angular analogy of that equation:

$\left(\omega(\text{final})\right)^2 - \left(\omega(\text{initial})\right)^2 = 2\, \alpha\, \theta$ .

In this equation, $\theta$ represents angular displacement. For this motion in particular:

$\omega(\text{initial}) = 0$ since the car was initially not moving.
$\theta = \displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2}$ since the car travelled one-quarter of the circle.

Solve this equation for $\omega(\text{final})$ in terms of $a_T$ and $r$ :

$\begin{aligned}\omega(\text{final}) &= \sqrt{2\cdot \frac{a_T}{r} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi\, a_T}{r}}\end{aligned}$ .

Let $m$ represent the mass of this car. The centripetal force at this moment would be:

$\begin{aligned}F_C &= m\, \omega^2\, r \\ &=m\cdot \left(\frac{\pi\, a_T}{r}\right)\cdot r = \pi\, m\, a_T\end{aligned}$ .

<h3>Coefficient of static friction between the car and the track</h3>

Since the track is flat (not banked,) the only force on the car in the horizontal direction would be the static friction between the tires and the track. Also, the size of the normal force on the car should be equal to its weight, $m\, g$ .

Note that even if the size of the normal force does not change, the size of the static friction between the surfaces can vary. However, when the car is just about to skid, the centripetal force at that very moment should be equal to the maximum static friction between these surfaces. It is the largest-possible static friction that depends on the coefficient of static friction.

Let $\mu_s$ denote the coefficient of static friction. The size of the largest-possible static friction between the car and the track would be:

$F(\text{static, max}) = \mu_s\, N = \mu_s\, m\, g$ .

The size of this force should be equal to that of the centripetal force when the car is about to skid:

$\mu_s\, m\, g = \pi\, m\, a_{T}$ .

Solve this equation for $\mu_s$ :

$\mu_s = \displaystyle \frac{\pi\, a_T}{g}$ .

Indeed, the expression for $\mu_s$ does not include any unknown letter. Let $g = 9.81\; \rm N\cdot kg^{-1}$ . Evaluate this expression for $a_T = 1.90\;\rm m \cdot s^{-2}$ :

$\mu_s = \displaystyle \frac{\pi\, a_T}{g} \approx 0.608$ .

(Three significant figures.)

7 0

3 years ago

A(n) 1100 kg car is parked on a 4◦ incline. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 . Find the force of friction keeping the ca

igomit [66]

Answer:

Force of friction, f = 751.97 N

Explanation:

it is given that,

Mass of the car, m = 1100 kg

It is parked on a 4° incline. We need to find the force of friction keeping the car from sliding down the incline.

From the attached figure, it is clear that the normal and its weight is acting on the car. f is the force of friction such that it balances the x component of its weight i.e.

$f=mg\ sin\theta$

$f=1100\ kg\times 9.8\ m/s^2\ sin(4)$

f = 751.97 N

So, the force of friction on the car is 751.97 N. Hence, this is the required solution.

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3 years ago