Answer:
As ice melts into water, kinetic energy is being added to the particles. This causes them to be 'excited' and they break the bonds that hold them together as a solid, resulting in a change of state: solid -> liquid.
Explanation:
As we may know, the change in state of an object is due to the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles.
This average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature of the particles.
This is because heat is a form of energy; by adding energy to ice - heat, you "excite" the water molecules, breaking the interactions in the lattice structure and forming weaker, looser hydrogen-bonding interactions.
This causes the ice to melt. This is demonstrated in the image below.
More generally, when you remove energy - the object cools down, the particles move a lot slower. So slow, that they individually attract other molecules more than before, and this results in a physical change that also changes the state.
Detailed Explanation:
1) Rusting of Iron
4Fe + 3O2 + 2H2O -> 2Fe2O32H2O
Reactants :-
Fe = 4
O = 3 * 2 + 2 = 8
H = 2 * 2 = 4
Products :-
Fe = 2 * 2 = 4
O = 2 * 3 + 2 = 8
H = 2 * 2 = 4
2) Fermentation of sucrose…
C12H22O11 + H2O -> 4C2H5OH + 4CO2
Reactants :-
C = 12
H = 22 + 2 = 24
O = 11 + 1 = 12
Products :-
C = 4 * 2 + 4 = 12
H = 4 * 5 + 4 = 24
O = 4 * 2 + 4 = 12
Looking closely at the way I have taken the total number of elements on the reactants and products side, you can solve the rest.
All the Best!
The additional force needed to bring the car into equilibrium is frictional force.
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