Answer:

Explanation:
The electrostatic potential energy is given by the following formula

Now, we will apply this formula to both cases:

So, the change in the potential energy is

Explanation :
A circuit is the representation of the path of the flow of current. The circuit can be either closed or open.
When the switch is off the circuit is closed circuit and when the switch is not connected the circuit is open.
The items that are sufficient to make a circuit are as follows :
- Voltage source like a battery.
- Resistors or electrical equipment like heater, motor etc.
Other components can be ammeter, voltmeter, ac source, variable resistors etc.
Producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers to carnivores