Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
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B is true because liquids are still more compact than gases, although they are loose, they aren't completely free. They also don't have a definite volume, making them assume the shape of their container. As for compression, liquids are harder to compress compared to gases.
Because the oily part of its molecule tends to lay up against solid surfaces, but without much in the way of areas of electric charge that would cause it to stick more firmly to that surface.
