Answer:
Percentage dissociated = 0.41%
Explanation:
The chemical equation for the reaction is:

The ICE table is then shown as:

Initial (M) 1.8 0 0
Change (M) - x + x + x
Equilibrium (M) (1.8 -x) x x
![K_a = \frac{[C_3H_6ClCO^-_2][H^+]}{[C_3H_6ClCO_2H]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_a%20%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC_3H_6ClCO%5E-_2%5D%5BH%5E%2B%5D%7D%7B%5BC_3H_6ClCO_2H%5D%7D)
where ;


Since the value for
is infinitesimally small; then 1.8 - x ≅ 1.8
Then;




Dissociated form of 4-chlorobutanoic acid = 
Percentage dissociated = 
Percentage dissociated = 
Percentage dissociated = 0.4096
Percentage dissociated = 0.41% (to two significant digits)
Carbon has 4 valence electrons so to gain a noble gas electron configuration, which has 8 valence electrons and is the most electrically stable, carbon needs 4 more electrons.
Valence elections, electron affinity, electronegativity, atomic radius
Hello!
The
dissociation reaction of HNO₃ is the following:
HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻This is a strong acid, so the concentration of HNO₃ would be the same as the concentration of H⁺. The formula for pH is the following:
![pH=-log([H_3O^{+}])=-log(0,75M)=0,12](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3D-log%28%5BH_3O%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%29%3D-log%280%2C75M%29%3D0%2C12)
So, the pH would be
0,12Have a nice day!