a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus. Based on these results, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom.
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
1. Answer:
B) An allele is one form of a gene.
Explanation:
- <em><u>An allele refers to an alternative form of a gene. In other words it is one of the form of a gene.</u></em>
 - <em><u>A gene may have two alleles, where one of the allele is a dominant allele and the other is a recessive allele. </u></em>
 - A homozygous organisms may be dominant or recessive, a homozygous recessive contains two recessive alleles while a homozygous dominant contains two dominant alleles.
 - A heterozygous organisms contain one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
 
2. Answer;
B) Alleles
Explanation;
- <em><u>According to Mendel genes are inherited in pairs of alleles that behave in a dominant and recessive pattern. </u></em>
 - <em><u>Alleles are alternative forms of a gene. </u></em>
 
- A gene may have two alleles, where one of the allele is a dominant allele and the other is a recessive allele. 
 - A homozygous organisms may be dominant or recessive, a homozygous recessive contains two recessive alleles while a homozygous dominant contains two dominant alleles.