Land: Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills. Erosion by water and wind can wear down land and create landforms like valleys and canyons. ... Landforms can exist under water in the form of mountain ranges and basins under the sea.
Atmosphere: (4.6 billion years ago)
As Earth cooled, an atmosphere formed mainly from gases spewed from volcanoes. It included hydrogen sulfide, methane, and ten to 200 times as much carbon dioxide as today's atmosphere. After about half a billion years, Earth's surface cooled and solidified enough for water to collect on it.
Ocean: After the Earth's surface had cooled to a temperature below the boiling point of water, rain began to fall—and continued to fall for centuries. As the water drained into the great hollows in the Earth's surface, the primeval ocean came into existence. The forces of gravity prevented the water from leaving the planet.
Constant speed along the inclined surface = 30 m / 4 s = 7.5 m/s
Vertical speed = inclined speed * sin(45) = 7.5 *√2 / 2 = 5.3 m/s
Answer: 5.3 m/s
Answer:

Explanation:
Electric field in a given region is given by equation

as we know the relation between electric field and potential difference is given as

so here we have


here we know that
and 
so we will have

so we will have

Answer: The correct answer is option (D).
Explanation:
Voltmeter is a device which measures the the voltage applied across the circuit. It is an electrical instrument used to measure the electric potential between the two points in an electric circuit.
Where as:
A switch is the device which used to connect or disconnect the circuit.
Resistor is a device which opposes the flow of current is an electric circuit.
An ammeter the is an electrical device which measures the amount of current in flowing in amperes in an electrical circuit
Hence,the correct answer is option (D).