Explanation:
Different atoms binds their outermost shell electrons with different amount of energy.
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the ionization energy.
- Ionization energy measures the readiness of an atom to lose electrons.
- From the given problem, we can infer that in group O the ionization energy decreases down the group.
- Helium has the highest ionization energy.
- Down a group on the periodic table, ionization energy decrease because:
- atomic radii increases down the group.
- there is an increasing shielding/screening effect of inner shell electrons on the outermost shell electrons.
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Ionization energy brainly.com/question/2153804
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Answer:
d) cut the large sized Cu solid into smaller sized pieces
Explanation:
The aim of the question is to select the right condition for that would increases the rate of the reaction.
a) use a large sized piece of the solid Cu
This option is wrong. Reducing the surface area decreases the reaction rate.
b) lower the initial temperature below 25 °C for the liquid reactant, HNO3
Hugher temperatures leads to faster reactions hence this option is wrong.
c) use a 0.5 M HNO3 instead of 2.0 M HNO3
Higher concentration leads to increased rate of reaction. Hence this option is wrong.
d) cut the large sized Cu solid into smaller sized pieces
This leads to an increased surface area of the reactants, which leads to an increased rate of the reaction. This is the correct option.
