When water changes into vapor, it is called evaporation. BONUS: This is formed by the boiling point of water, which is 230°F (Fahrenheit) or 110°C (Celsius).
Kinetic energy is never negative, but potential energy can be.
Potential energy depends on height above some reference level,
and you can pick any level you want as the reference. So, if the
object is below the reference level you pick, then its potential
energy relative to your reference level is negative.
What that means is: You have to lift it / do work on it / give it more
energy than it has now ... in order to move it to the reference level.
(That's exactly the situation with electrons bound to an atom. Their
energy is considered negative, because we have to do work and
give them more energy to rip them away from the atom.)
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Regarding the other choices:
-- Kinetic energy is scalar ... Yes. So is potential energy.
-- Kinetic energy increases with height ...
No. It doesn't, but potential energy does.
-- Kinetic energy depends on position ...
No. It doesn't, but potential energy does.
molecular cloud <interstellar cloud <1 Msun protostar <1 Msun star <intercloud gas
Explanation:
<u>Molecular cloud-</u> They are a variety of interstellar cloud in which molecular hydrogen can sustain themselves. They have a very low temperature ranging from -440 to -370 degrees Fahrenheit or between<u> 10 to 50 Kelvin. </u>Owing to their extremely low temperature, they appear mostly dark when viewed through telescopes.
<u>Interstellar cloud-</u> They are a congregation of a large number of interstellar gases, dust and plasma in any galaxy or universe. They have varying temperature depending on their proximity to a star. E.g. Neutral hydrogen atom clouds have a temperature of around <u>just 100 Kelvin</u> while those in the near vicinity of a star have temperatures as high as 10,000 Kelvin.
<u>1 Msun star-</u> These stars have temperature anywhere between <u>5300 and 6000 Kelvin</u>. The main source of such high surface temperature is nuclear fusion process where elemental hydrogen molecules are fused to form helium molecules.
<u>1 Msun protostar-</u> protostar is rather a young star which is still in formation phase (i.e. gathering mass from the parent molecular cloud). They have temperature anywhere between <u>2000-3000</u> kelvin and are accompanied by dust usually.
<u>Intercloud gas- </u>These are the remainder gases that are spread throughout the interstellar space. This Intercloud gas is divided into warm intercloud medium and extremely hot coronal gas with temperatures comparing to Sun’s corona. Warm intercloud forms the dominant part of intercloud gas with a temperature around <u>8000 Kelvin</u>.