A sodium chloride is like most of the ionic compounds
existing here on earth in which they are composed of having a high melting
point and by this, if found in underground rock deposits, they are usually in a
form of solid.
Nucleus because it is made of protons (which means positively charged)
Probably the most important monosaccharide on earth is Glucose. it is used in many bodily functions and it a key source of energy
I couldn't really find anything about the growth time but it does say that it could remain viable in soil for up to 40 years
K, ca, sc is the right answer. Take a look at table S of your chemistry reference table.