So there are different ways this could be solved. I'll do try to explain it the way I was taught...
Simon is riding his bike at 12 km/hr relative to the sidewalk, away from where Keesha is.
Simon throws the ball at Keesha, at 5 km/hr.
Keesha sees the ball approaching her at (12-5) = 7 km/hr relative to the ground to her.
Therefore the answer is: 7 km/hr
I don't understand what you are looking for. I can tell you that the speed of molecules does change during state changing.
-- The position of the sun was originally the primary influence in determining
when people went to sleep and when they woke up. Although it no longer
directly influences us, that pattern is so deeply ingrained in our make-up
that our behavior still largely coincides with the positions of the sun.
-- The position of the Moon was originally the primary influence in determining
the cycle of human female physiology. Although it no longer directly influences
us, that pattern is so deeply ingrained in human make-up that the female cycle
still largely coincides with the positions of the Moon.
