Answer:
1. The field of biology concerned with the relationships between species and their physical environments.
2. Abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment that influence ecosystems in ecology and biology. The term "biotic" refers to a living part of an ecosystem, such as plants and animals.
3. Since photosynthesis is the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere, it is vital to living organisms. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and trees produce food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water in the atmosphere: it is their primary source of energy.
4. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and return nutrients to the soil. Carnivores get their nutrition by eating other species. Herbivores obtain their energy from the plants they consume. Plant and animal forms of nutrition are used by omnivores.
5. Energy is required for all living organisms to develop and reproduce, sustain their structures, and react to their surroundings. Metabolism is a series of life-sustaining chemical processes that enable organisms to convert chemical energy stored in molecules into energy for cellular processes.
6. Organisms compete for resources such as air, water, food, and space in order to live. In areas where these are sufficient, organisms coexist peacefully, and in areas where resources are plentiful, the ecosystem boasts a diverse range of species (diversity).
7. The word "niche" is used in ecology to describe the role that an organism plays in a group. The physical and environmental conditions that a species needs (such as temperature or terrain) as well as the relationships it has with other species make up a species' niche (like predation or competition).
8. Prey animals are species that serve as food for predatory animals. Many predators could end up as food for larger predators. The top predator is a predator species that does not prey on other animals.
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